Genetically Modified (GM) Foods and Ethical Eating

Abstract

The ability to manipulate and customize the genetic code of living organisms has brought forth the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and consumption of genetically modified (GM) foods. The potential for GM foods to improve the efficiency of food production, increase customer satisfaction, and provide potential health benefits has contributed to the rapid incorporation of GM foods into the American diet. However, GM foods and GMOs are also a topic of ethical debate. The use of GM foods and GM technology is surrounded by ethical concerns and situational judgment, and should ideally adhere to the ethical standards placed upon food and nutrition professionals, such as: beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice and autonomy. The future of GM foods involves many aspects and trends, including enhanced nutritional value in foods, strict labeling laws, and potential beneficial economic conditions in developing nations. This paper briefly reviews the origin and background of GM foods, while delving thoroughly into 3 areas: (1) GMO labeling, (2) ethical concerns, and (3) health and industry applications. This paper also examines the relationship between the various applications of GM foods and their corresponding ethical issues. Ethical concerns were evaluated in the context of the code of ethics developed by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) that govern the work of food and nutrition professionals. Overall, there is a need to stay vigilant about the many ethical implications of producing and consuming GM foods and GMOs.

Ethical Evaluation Capacity of Turkish Food and Agricultural Engineers and Veterinary Physicians with Regard to Agriculture and Food System

“…It was reported in the literature that participation of local administrations and the society in food assessment and control is significant in eliminating such negative opinions (Maron 2006 ). In addition, the studies highlighting the importance of developing sustainable policies are centered on how to increase the safety of food production and distribution, to what degree scientific and technological applications should be used, the labeling of GMO products, and the effect of development and assessment of food guidelines on improving health and its protective effect on community health and environment (Jefferson 2006 ; Wahlqvist and Kuo 2009; Watanabe et al 2009 ; Dizon et al 2016 ; Alles et al 2017; Zaganjor et al 2018 ). Like many other countries struggling with unhealthy dietary trends, Turkey is also attempting to develop an effective food and agricultural policy to meet the needs of the country under today’s conditions (Recanati et al 2019 ).…”

Um Inquérito Sobre a Opinião, Conhecimentos e Necessidades de Formação dos Médicos Relativamente aos Alimentos Transgénicos

“…9 Há já estudos que apontam para impactos negativos na saúde. 21,22 Outras preocupações estão relacionadas com questões ambientais 23,24 e éticas, 25,26 o que possivelmente leva grupos específicos a duvidar dos atuais resultados científicos onde se conclui que os AT são seguros. 21,22 Na questão ambiental possivelmente o uso de sementes resistentes a pragas pode levar as ervas daninhas e herbívoros a adquirirem resistência.…”

“…23,24 Já dentro das questões éticas leva em conta, alguns princípios em debate, como, por exemplo do princípio da justiça (irreversibilidade face aos mais desfavorecidos, face ainda aos que não nasceram), princípio da não maleficência (garantia de segurança versus possibilidade de segurança) e princípio do respeito (direito a saber o que se semeia e come). 25,26…”

CRISPR/CAS Και Η Επέμβαση Στο Ανθρώπινο Γονιδίωμα: Περί Φύσης Και Έξης

“…ο σπόρος, ωάρια και σπερματοζωάρια οικόσιτων ζώων κτλ. (περίτρανο παράδειγμα, αποτελεί η εταιρεία Monsanto, εμπνευστής και παραγωγός του Agent Orange) (6). Αναφορικά με τις εφαρμογές στη βιοϊατρική ένα παράδειγμα επεξεργασίας γονιδιώματος ήταν σε κλινική μελέτη Φάσης Ι σε ασθενείς που έχουν μολυνθεί με τον ιό του συνδρόμου επίκτητης ανοσοαπεπάρκειας (HIV).…”