Genetically modified crops: success, safety assessment, and public concern

Singh, Om V.; Ghai, Shivani; Paul, Debarati; Jain, Rakesh

doi:10.1007/s00253-006-0449-8

Cited by 89 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Although the risk of transfer of exogenous genes from GMPs to bacteria is remote, the possibility of rare transfer events involving novel mechanisms cannot be entirely ruled out. 24,40,41,44 Irrespective of whether transgene horizontally transfers to environmental bacteria or gastrointestinal tract bacteria, it may produce adverse effects on edible safety. Owing to the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes, new kinds of antibiotic-resistant bacteria may appear.…”

Section: Gene Horizontal Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

The definition, source, manifestation and assessment of unintended effects in genetically modified plants

Deng

Zhou²,

Yang

et al. 2008

J Sci Food Agric

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At present, there is consensus among many relevant international agencies that unintended effects should be paid particular attention in the process of edible safety assessment of genetically modified plants (GMPs) and their products, especially in regard to some long-term and potential food safety issues. However, with respect to the current risk assessment of GMPs, serious dissension on the apprehension of unintended effects exists. The present paper interprets and systematically analyses this dissension in order to review development on the definition, source and manifestation of unintended effects in GMPs. First, differences in the various concepts of unintended effect are discussed and compared. Then the mechanisms whereby unintended effects may arise during GMP breeding are analysed and the main unexpected variation manifestations in GMPs are presented. With regard to the safety assessment of unintended effects in GMPs, the current evaluation strategy, detection methods and several assessment cases are expounded. In addition, the unique assessment standard for unintended effects in GMPs in China is outlined.

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Section: Gene Horizontal Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

The definition, source, manifestation and assessment of unintended effects in genetically modified plants

Deng

Zhou²,

Yang

et al. 2008

J Sci Food Agric

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“…The regulation of these crops is based on the methods used to insert genetic material instead of an assessment on the potential risk of the modifi ed traits (Bradford et al, 2005). Moreover, most of the risk assessments deal with the potential ecological and human health eff ects upon the release of a GMO to alleviate the arising concerns of the public about the impact on biodiversity and the expression of potential allergens in GMOs (Singh et al, 2006). These constraints clearly establish market barriers to the commercialization of GMOs worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cisgenesis and Intragenesis: New tools For Improving Crops

Espinoza¹,

Schlechter²,

Herrera³

et al. 2013

Biol. Res.

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Genetically Modifi ed Organisms (GMO) could be the answer for many relevant problems aff ecting crops. However, improving crops through GMO is also often associated with safety concerns, environmental risks and health issues due to the presence of foreign DNA. These limitations have prompted the development of alternative technologies. Recently, cisgenesis and intragenesis have been developed as new tools aimed to modify crops. While cisgenesis involves genetic modifi cation using a complete copy of natural genes with their regulatory elements that belong exclusively to sexually compatible plants, intragenesis refers to the transference of new combinations of genes and regulatory sequences belonging to that particular species. So far, application of cisgenesis and intragenesis as alternatives to conventional transgenesis are limited to a few species, mainly due to the lack of knowledge of the regulatory sequences required. The grape is one of the most cultivated crops worldwide and is the most economically relevant crop in Chile. Its genomic sequence has been completed, making available new sources of information to improve grape traits by genetic manipulation. This review is focused on the current alternatives to transgenesis in plants, including new approaches to develop marker-free crops, their application to economically relevant crops and future perspectives in the area. Also, the identifi cation of grapevine promoters with a wide range of expression profi les is shown. The expression pattern of these genes was analyzed in diff erent tissues and developmental stages, as well as under several stresses and stimuli, giving a broad range of expression patterns, including genes expressed exclusively during ripening, in response to sugars, senescence and biotic stress, among others. Genes with strong and constitutive expression were also identifi ed. Functional analysis using reporter genes has been conducted in order to confi rm the promoter's transcription activity, opening new possibilities for developing cisgenic/intragenic grapevines.

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“…[1][2][3][4] The use of maize as a biofactory for producing recombinant proteins has been studied for nearly a decade now [5][6][7] and continues to be of great interest because of the numerous advantages it presents compared to bacterial, yeast, or mammalian counterparts. 5 The infrastructure for producing, harvesting, transporting, storing, and downstream processing of maize is well established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet‐milling transgenic maize seed for fraction enrichment of recombinant subunit vaccine

Moeller

Taylor-Vokes

Fox

et al. 2009

Biotechnology Progress

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The production of recombinant proteins in plants continues to be of great interest for prospective large-scale manufacturing of industrial enzymes, nutrition products, and vaccines. This work describes fractionation by wet-milling of transgenic maize expressing the B subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT-B), a potent immunogen and candidate for oral vaccine and vaccine components. The LT-B gene was directed to express in seed by an endosperm specific promoter. Two steeping treatments, traditional steeping (TS, 0.2% SO(2) + 0.5% lactic acid) and water steeping (WS, water only), were evaluated to determine effects on recovery of functional LT-B in wet-milled fractions. The overall recovery of the LT-B protein from WS treatment was 1.5-fold greater than that from TS treatment. In both steeping types, LT-B was distributed similarly among the fractions, resulting in enrichment of functional LT-B in fine fiber, coarse fiber and pericarp fractions by concentration factors of 1.5 to 8 relative to the whole kernels on a per-mass basis. Combined with endosperm-specific expression and secretory pathway targeting, wet-milling enables enrichment of high-value recombinant proteins in low-value fractions, such as the fine fiber, and co-utilization of remaining fractions in alternative industrial applications.

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Genetically modified crops: success, safety assessment, and public concern

Cited by 89 publications

References 75 publications

The definition, source, manifestation and assessment of unintended effects in genetically modified plants

The definition, source, manifestation and assessment of unintended effects in genetically modified plants

Cisgenesis and Intragenesis: New tools For Improving Crops

Wet‐milling transgenic maize seed for fraction enrichment of recombinant subunit vaccine

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