Genetically Engineered Bacterial Biohybrid Microswimmers for Sensing Applications

Sun, Zhiyong; Loderer, Christoph; Revilla-Guarinos, Ainhoa

doi:10.3390/s20010180

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Untethered microswimmers have demonstrated great potential in various microscale applications such as targeted drug delivery, [ 1–3 ] biosensing, [ 4 ] precise surgery, [ 5 ] and environmental remediation. [ 6,7 ] Micromotors (MMs) can harvest energy from the environment [ 8–12 ] and transform it into autonomous motions for mciroswimmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D‐Printed Light‐Driven Microswimmer with Built‐In Micromotors

Chen

Yang

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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Untethered biocompatible microswimmers driven by micromotors in fluids can enable innovative technologies in fields such as biology and chemical and biomedical engineering. However, efficiently driving and controlling the movement of microswimmers by light remains a challenge. Herein, a method for fabricating a light‐driven microswimmer with built‐in micromotors and 3D‐printed multiscale features that exhibits high photocatalytic performance is proposed. TiO2‐CaCO3 composite microparticles (TC) are fabricated as highly efficient micromotors that provide high photocatalytic efficiency in bubble generation, while 3D‐printed hydrogels are fabricated as TiO2‐CaCO3/PEGDA (TC/P) microswimmers that provide biocompatibility, large specific surface area, and controllable movement. The results show that TC micromotors produced by physical mixing at a specific concentration exhibit a large specific surface area, reduced agglomeration, increased photocatalytic active sites, and improved photocatalytic stability. TC micromotors are effectively loaded into the porous hydrogel by 3D printing for multiscale fabrication to improve the photocatalytic performance across scales and realize effective and directional driving under violet light excitation. The TC/P microswimmers exhibit stable catalysis and motion in 7 days, at which point the catalysis by TiO2 is already ineffective. With stability, biocompatibility, and biomedical functions, this multiscale fabricated microswimmer exhibits great potential in micromanipulation and targeted therapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D‐Printed Light‐Driven Microswimmer with Built‐In Micromotors

Chen

Yang

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…In addition, targeted drug delivery can be achieved by modifying the characteristics of micro-swimmers and propulsion mechanisms. These swimmers have the potential to communicate with the outside environment and generate a response by computing the information as bacteria are naturally guided with the communication power ( Sun et al, 2020 ). Hence, novel technological techniques such as microswimmers exploit the characteristics of bacteria to improve the quality of life.…”

Section: Engineered Bacteria For Disease Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered Bacteria-Based Living Materials for Biotherapeutic Applications

Omer

Mohsin

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Future advances in therapeutics demand the development of dynamic and intelligent living materials. The past static monofunctional materials shall be unable to meet the requirements of future medical development. Also, the demand for precision medicine has increased with the progressively developing human society. Therefore, engineered living materials (ELMs) are vitally important for biotherapeutic applications. These ELMs can be cells, microbes, biofilms, and spores, representing a new platform for treating intractable diseases. Synthetic biology plays a crucial role in the engineering of these living entities. Hence, in this review, the role of synthetic biology in designing and creating genetically engineered novel living materials, particularly bacteria, has been briefly summarized for diagnostic and targeted delivery. The main focus is to provide knowledge about the recent advances in engineered bacterial-based therapies, especially in the treatment of cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, and infection. Microorganisms, particularly probiotics, have been engineered for synthetic living therapies. Furthermore, these programmable bacteria are designed to sense input signals and respond to disease-changing environments with multipronged therapeutic outputs. These ELMs will open a new path for the synthesis of regenerative medicines as they release therapeutics that provide in situ drug delivery with lower systemic effects. In last, the challenges being faced in this field and the future directions requiring breakthroughs have been discussed. Conclusively, the intent is to present the recent advances in research and biomedical applications of engineered bacteria-based therapies during the last 5 years, as a novel treatment for uncontrollable diseases.

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“…Biohybrid microswimmers based on Bacillus subtilis and abiotic particles were reported by Sun et al [105]. Interestingly, the bacterial components were genetically engineered to express fluorescent proteins upon encountering certain environmental stimuli.…”

Section: Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Microswimmers for Biomedical Applications

Bunea

Taboryski

2020

Micromachines

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Microswimmers are a rapidly developing research area attracting enormous attention because of their many potential applications with high societal value. A particularly promising target for cleverly engineered microswimmers is the field of biomedical applications, where many interesting examples have already been reported for e.g., cargo transport and drug delivery, artificial insemination, sensing, indirect manipulation of cells and other microscopic objects, imaging, and microsurgery. Pioneered only two decades ago, research studies on the use of microswimmers in biomedical applications are currently progressing at an incredibly fast pace. Given the recent nature of the research, there are currently no clinically approved microswimmer uses, and it is likely that several years will yet pass before any clinical uses can become a reality. Nevertheless, current research is laying the foundation for clinical translation, as more and more studies explore various strategies for developing biocompatible and biodegradable microswimmers fueled by in vivo-friendly means. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the reported biomedical applications of microswimmers, with focus on the most recent advances. Finally, the main considerations and challenges for clinical translation and commercialization are discussed.

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Genetically Engineered Bacterial Biohybrid Microswimmers for Sensing Applications

Cited by 12 publications

References 64 publications

3D‐Printed Light‐Driven Microswimmer with Built‐In Micromotors

3D‐Printed Light‐Driven Microswimmer with Built‐In Micromotors

Engineered Bacteria-Based Living Materials for Biotherapeutic Applications

Recent Advances in Microswimmers for Biomedical Applications

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