Genetically encoded indicators of neuronal activity

Lin, Michael Z.; Schnitzer, Mark J.

doi:10.1038/nn.4359

Cited by 580 publications

(478 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…8 and 9). Although recent calcium probes have greatly increased the understanding of complex neural systems, they still offer only moderate temporal resolution (50 to 100 ms) 10 and report only on byproducts of suprathreshold neural spiking activity through calcium responses. Additionally, many studies try to deconvolve the calcium signal to glean information about ongoing membrane potential with mixed success (for review Ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically expressed voltage sensor ArcLight for imaging large scale cortical activity in the anesthetized and awake mouse

et al. 2017

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confidence: 99%

Genetically expressed voltage sensor ArcLight for imaging large scale cortical activity in the anesthetized and awake mouse

et al. 2017

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“…Among the most promising include optical imaging techniques that can achieve single-cell resolution by implementing genetically encoded fluorescent indicators of membrane voltage or calcium concentration (Hillman, 2007;Lin and Schnitzer, 2016). Even with the most advanced optical microscopes, however, the field of view is restricted to 1 mm 3 and imaging is limited to depths of 1 mm (Ahrens et al, 2013;Helmchen and Denk, 2005;Theer and Denk, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of imaging evoked activity throughout the rat brain using electrical impedance tomography

et al. 2018

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A B S T R A C TElectrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is an emerging technique which has been used to image evoked activity during whisker displacement in the cortex of an anaesthetised rat with a spatiotemporal resolution of 200 μm and 2 ms. The aim of this work was to extend EIT to image not only from the cortex but also from deeper structures active in somatosensory processing, specifically the ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus. The direct response in the cortex and VPL following 2 Hz forepaw stimulation were quantified using a 57-channel epicortical electrode array and a 16-channel depth electrode. Impedance changes of À0.16 AE 0.08% at 12.9 AE 1.4 ms and À0.41 AE 0.14% at 8.8AE1.9 ms were recorded from the cortex and VPL respectively. For imaging purposes, two 57-channel epicortical electrode arrays were used with one placed on each hemisphere of the rat brain. Despite using parameters optimised toward measuring thalamic activity and undertaking extensive averaging, reconstructed activity was constrained to the cortical somatosensory forepaw region and no significant activity at a depth greater than 1.6 mm below the surface of the cortex could be reconstructed. An evaluation of the depth sensitivity of EIT was investigated in simulations using estimates of the conductivity change and noise levels derived from experiments. These indicate that EIT imaging with epicortical electrodes is limited to activity occurring 2.5 mm below the surface of the cortex. This depth includes the hippocampus and so EIT has the potential to image activity, such as epilepsy, originating from this structure. To image deeper activity, however, alternative methods such as the additional implementation of depth electrodes will be required to gain the necessary depth resolution.

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“…Another emerging frontier of reporter gene engineering relates to genetically encoded sensors of dynamic cellular signals such as calcium, phosphorylation and neurotransmission. Such sensors based on fluorescent proteins are already widely used in optically accessible preparations 71 , and recent efforts have focused on developing such sensors for MRI 72 and photoacoustic imaging.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Imaging in Synthetic Biology, and Synthetic Biology in Molecular Imaging

Gilad

Shapiro

2017

Mol Imaging Biol

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Biomedical synthetic biology is an emerging field in which cells are engineered at the genetic level to carry out novel functions with relevance to biomedical and industrial applications. This approach promises new treatments, imaging tools and diagnostics for diseases ranging from gastrointestinal inflammatory syndromes to cancer, diabetes and neurodegeneration. As these cellular technologies undergo pre-clinical and clinical development, it is becoming essential to monitor their location and function in vivo, necessitating appropriate molecular imaging strategies, and therefore we have created an Interest Group within the World Molecular Imaging Society focusing on synthetic biology and reporter gene technologies. Here, we highlight recent advances in biomedical synthetic biology, including bacterial therapy, immunotherapy and regenerative medicine. We then discuss emerging molecular imaging approaches to facilitate in vivo applications, focusing on reporter genes for noninvasive modalities such as magnetic resonance, ultrasound, photoacoustic imaging, bioluminescence and radionuclear imaging. Because reporter genes can be incorporated directly into engineered genetic circuits, they are particularly well suited to imaging synthetic biological constructs, and developing them provides opportunities for creative molecular and genetic engineering.

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Genetically encoded indicators of neuronal activity

Cited by 580 publications

References 145 publications

Genetically expressed voltage sensor ArcLight for imaging large scale cortical activity in the anesthetized and awake mouse

Genetically expressed voltage sensor ArcLight for imaging large scale cortical activity in the anesthetized and awake mouse

Feasibility of imaging evoked activity throughout the rat brain using electrical impedance tomography

Molecular Imaging in Synthetic Biology, and Synthetic Biology in Molecular Imaging

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