Genetically determined blood pressure, antihypertensive medications, and risk of intracranial aneurysms and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A Mendelian randomization study

Abstract

Introduction: Observational studies suggest that different classes of antihypertensive drugs may have different effects on the occurrence of intracranial aneurysms (IA) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the reported results in previous studies are inconsistent, and randomized data are absent. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to study the causal effects of genetically determined blood pressure (BP) and genetic proxies for antihypertensive drug classes on the risk of IA and SAH. Materials and methods: Genetic instruments and outcome data were obtained from independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) or published data, which were exclusively restricted to European ancestry. Causal relationships were identified using inverse-variance weighted MR analyses and a series of statistical sensitivity analyses. The FinnGen consortium was used for repeated analysis to verify results obtained from the above GWAS. Results: Two-sample MR analysis showed that genetically determined Systolic BP, Dystolic BP, and Pulse Pressure were related to a higher risk of IA and SAH. Based on identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that influence the effect of calcium channel blockers (CCB, 42 SNPs), beta-blockers (BB, 8 SNPs), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI, 2 SNPs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB, 1 SNPs), and thiazides (5 SNPs), genetically determined effect of CCBs was associated with a higher risk of IA (OR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.03–1.10], p = 5.02 × 10−5) and SAH (OR, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.03–1.09], p = 1.84 × 10−3). No associations were found between other antihypertensive drugs and the risk of IA or SAH. The effect of CCBs on SAH was confirmed in FinnGenconsortium samples (OR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.00–1.08], p = 0.042). Discussion and conclusion: This MR analysis supports the role of elevated blood pressure in the occurrence of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, genetic proxies for calcium channel blockers were associated with an increased risk of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Causal associations of Helicobacter pylori antibodies with unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

“…The IVs were clumped according to the linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure of European ancestry (r 2<0.001 within 10,000 kb).Causal estimates were evaluated in R using TwoSampleMR software package (V.0.5.7), using inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary analysis method [22]. For MVMR, we combined H.pylori antibody levels with IVs of arterial systolic blood pressure, intestinal ora, serum magnesium ion levels, and serum calcium ion levels [23][24][25][26].To further determine their role in helicobacter pylori infection and aSAH; UIA plays a role in the causal relationship. Statistical signi cance was de ned as a P-value less than 0.05.…”