Genetical studies on the skeleton of the mouse XXI. The girdles and the long limb bones

Stein, Kathryn F.

doi:10.1007/bf02981646

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Other possible explanations remain to be investigated. Griineberg (1952) and Stein (1957) show examples of breaks or dyssymphysis ischio-pubica in the C57BL/Gr strain which are similar to the variants described here.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Stein (1957) also described strain differences in the shape of the ulnae, radii, and clavicles. The approach used here could be extended to these and other bones such as the skull and vertebrae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Although they found non-metrical variation in many parts of the OBH 42 skeleton including those bones investigated here, their analyses of quantitative variation were limited. Stein (1957) found considerable variability in the size and shape of long bones of strains A, CBA and C57BL, but did not attempt to quantify the differences between the strains. She writes of the strain differences, 'Like the facial characteristics in man, they are easily recognizable by the trained eye, but they are difficult to measure and it is easier to illustrate the differences by drawings than to describe them in words'.…”

Section: (Iii) Femur {Fig 5)mentioning

confidence: 88%

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Quantitative genetic variation in the skeleton of the mouse: I. Variation between inbred strains

Lovell

Johnson

1983

Genet. Res.

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A series of six bones from samples of mice from eleven inbred strains and one Fj hybrid were measured using a simple apparatus. The bones examined were the mandible, os coxae, femur, tibia-fibula, scapula and humerus. Considerable variation in the shape of each bone was found and successful discrimination between the strains was obtained. Correct strain classification ranged from 87 % for the scapula to 98 % for the os coxae. Gross abnormalities and quantitative variants were identified.As the pattern of discrimination is different for each bone, the use of other bones in addition to the mandible may improve resolution in the identification and quality control of mouse stocks. The objective and precise identification of abnormal and variant bones suggests that the method may be useful for population studies and for the detection of induced skeletal abnormalities in toxicological investigations.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: (Iii) Femur {Fig 5)mentioning

confidence: 88%

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Quantitative genetic variation in the skeleton of the mouse: I. Variation between inbred strains

Lovell

Johnson

1983

Genet. Res.

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“…Stein (1957) reported that sex and genetic differences were present in the pelvic girdle of three strains of adult mice, although the sex difference in the innominate bone was reported only by illustration. Festing (1972) found morphometric techniques to be useful in demonstrating mandibular variations.…”

Section: Sex Steroids Morphometrymentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of sex steroids on the development of sexual dimorphism in mouse innominate bone

et al. 1992

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The sexual dimorphism of the innominate bone was examined in 14 strains of mice. In female mice of all strains, the pubis was significantly longer and thinner than that in the strain-matched males. In 13 of 14 strains, the ischium in the male was longer and thicker than in the female. In the testicular-feminized male (Tfm) mouse, the ischium was longer and thinner than that in the wild-type male, resembling that of the wild-type female. The pubis of the Tfm mouse was longer than in the wild-type males. The pubis width in the Tfm mouse was between those of the wild-type male and female. Gonadectomy at ages of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 days in both sexes showed that the ischium develops as the female type when sex hormones are absent. In contrast, postnatal testicular androgen induces the male-type ischium. Gonadectomy at 60 days had a slight effect on the pubis, indicating that sexual dimorphism of the pubis was determined before 60 days of age. Estrogen receptors (ER) were immunohistochemically demonstrated in bone cells of 0- to 60-day-old mice. ER was found exclusively in the periosteum of the pubis at the day of birth; however, it appeared in bone cells of all parts of pelvis at 10-60 days. These results indicate that sexual dimorphism of the pubis is consistent for the 14 mouse strains examined, and that the shape of the pubis is determined by sex steroids before 60 days of age. Since ER exist in the bone cells, morphogenesis of the pelvis may be regulated by these sex steroids.

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“…Sexual dimorphism in the shape of the pelvis occurs in several species of mammals including the mouse (Chapman, 1919;Todd, 1925;Gardner, 1936;Stein, 1957). Mandibular variations (Festing, 1972;Bailey, 1986) and genetic differences in the shape of the innominate bone (Love11 et al, 1986) have been indicated in different strains of mice by computer analysis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Morphometric analysis of the pelvis in mice treated neonatally with tamoxifen

1993

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The pelves of male and female C57BL/Tw mice given five daily injection of 100 micrograms tamoxifen, 50 micrograms dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or 2 micrograms diethylstilbestrol (DES) from the day of birth were examined morphometrically and histomorphometrically. Total areas of the pelvis, ilium, ischium, and pubis were significantly smaller in neonatally tamoxifen-treated mice than in the controls. There was no significant difference in length of the ischium between tamoxifen-treated and control mice of both sexes. However, lengths of ilium and pubis, and widths of ilium, pubis, and ischium in tamoxifen-treated male and female mice were significantly smaller than in the respective controls. In contrast, neonatal treatment with DHT or DES did not affect the shape of the pelvis of either sex. In the neonatally tamoxifen-treated females, the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts per 200 microns trabecular surface length and per 10,000 microns2 subperiosteal area of pubic bone section was smaller than in the controls. Inhibition of ossification persisted in the junction of the pubis and ischium of pelves treated with tamoxifen in vitro. These results suggest that neonatally administered tamoxifen mainly retards the growth of the ilium and pubis in mice by changing the activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, and that tamoxifen acts directly on the neonatal mouse pubis to inhibit its ossification.

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Genetical studies on the skeleton of the mouse XXI. The girdles and the long limb bones

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Quantitative genetic variation in the skeleton of the mouse: I. Variation between inbred strains

Quantitative genetic variation in the skeleton of the mouse: I. Variation between inbred strains

Effects of sex steroids on the development of sexual dimorphism in mouse innominate bone

Morphometric analysis of the pelvis in mice treated neonatally with tamoxifen

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