Genética y fútbol: asociación de los polimorfismos genéticos ACTN3 y ACE-I/D en jugadores de fútbol: Revisión literaria  (Genetic and soccer: association of ACTN3 and ACE-I/D genetic polymorphisms in soccer players: Literary review)

Muscle injuries are one of the biggest medical problems in professional soccer. Evidence has suggested that genetic polymorphism is a mediating factor in physiological and structural alterations that can lead to muscle injury. The TRIM63 gene polymorphism may affect the MuRF-1 protein, which is vital in the regulation of muscle mass, and is differentially regulated by exercise mode, muscle contraction, and training status. However, central aspects of the relationship between genetic variations, the environment, and muscle injuries still need to be explained. This study aimed to investigate whether MuRF-1/TRIM63 (A/G, rs2275950) was associated with the occurrence of muscle injury in professional soccer players. Forty-six Brazilian soccer players were evaluated. Genomic DNA was extracted using blood samples and semi-structured interviews on muscle injuries were applied after two seasons (2021-2022). Fisher's exact test was used to verify if MuRF-1/TRIM63 was associated with muscle injuries. The MuRF-1/TRIM63 genotypes (c2 = 2.19; p = 0.292), the dominant model (c2 = 1.04; p = 0.299), and the recessive model (c2 = 1.94; p = 0.208) showed no association with muscle injuries in soccer players. Preliminary evidence suggests that this genetic polymorphism may not be a reliable biomarker of muscle injuries in Brazilian professional soccer players. Keywords: Football; Genetic, Muscle injury, Performance, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), Sport genomic.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of the MuRF-1/TRIM63 polymorphism with muscle injuries in professional soccer players

Silva Fagundes,

De Sousa Pinheiro,

Mendonça Pimenta

et al. 2024

“…It´s suggested that genetics, muscle fiber type and glycolytic capacity should be considered as factors that influence sprint performance. (Moya et al, 2021;Metaxas et al, 2019;Ratel e Duché e Williams, 2006). It´s importante to highlight that sprint performance is associated to maximum strength, (Peñailillo et al, 2016;Silva;Nassis;Rebelo, 2015), power (Randell et al, 2010) and running technique (Haugen;Mcghie;Ettema, 2019), thus, it´s interesting to reflect on the influence of RT, technical, and coordenative sprint exercises on training transfer and consequently performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power, Linear Speed, and Change-Of-Direction Performance Comparisons Across Three Age Catego-ries of Non-Resistance Trained Individuals

Gualter Santana,

Andrade Paz,

Scudese

et al. 2023

The purpose of present study was to compare lower limb power, linear speed, and change of direction performance in non-resistance trained soccer athletes across three distinct age categories (U15, U17, and U20). Seventy-six male soccer athletes of the same professional club participated in this study [U15 (n=25), U17 (n=20) e U20 (n=31)]. All participants were familiar with the assessments and completed all tests in a single session. Tests were performed at the end of the pre-season in the following sequence: a) squat jump (SJ); b) countermovement vertical jump (CMJ); c) linear sprint test (20-m); and d) change of direction test (COD-test). U20 athletes presented better perfomance than the under-15 and under-17 athletes in the sprint and CMJ (p < 0.001). The U20 athletes performed better than under-17 in COD-test and SJ (p < 0.001). The U17 athletes performed better than under-20 athletes in the COD deficit (p < 0.001). The U17 athletes performed better than under-15 athletes in the COD-test (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the U15 and U17 athletes in sprint, COD deficit, CMJ, and SJ (p > 0.05). No differences were observed between the U20 and U15 athletes in COD deficit and SJ (p > 0.05). These results suggest that older non-resistance trained athletes, with greater chronological maturation, and close to the transitional period to the professional level, presented better performance versus the younger age categories. Keywords: Power output; Sprint; Change of direction

“…Diversos estudios han demostrado respecto al polimorfismo de ECA, un predominio del alelo D en deportistas que practican deportes de fuerza y velocidad (Ben Zaken et al, 2015;Garton et al, 2018;Santoro et al, 2019). Por otro lado, respecto al polimorfismo del ACTN3, algunas investigaciones han reportado el predominio del genotipo RR o RX en deportistas de elite y su relevancia en el rendimiento de fuerza y velocidad (Andrade-Mayorga et al, 2019;Arroyo, 2020;Astorino et al, 2018;João et al, 2015). Respectos a aspecto genéticos, a la fecha, se desconocen investigaciones que hayan estudiado estas variables en tenimesistas chilenos, que debido a las características de juego podrían ser relevantes.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Somatotipo y polimorfismo del gen ACTN3 y ECA en jugadores de tenis de mesa chilenos (Somatotype and polymorphism of the ACTN3 and ACE gene in Chilean table tennis players)

Muñoz

Vargas

Monsalves-Álvarez

et al. 2021

Introducción. El estudio de variables antropométricas y genéticas son fundamentales como determinantes del rendimiento deportivo. Objetivo. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el somatotipo y la frecuencia de genotipo y alelo de 𝜶-actinina 3 (ACTN3) R577X y enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA) I/D polimorfismo de jugadores de tenis de mesa chilenos. Método. Se estudiaron 24 tenimesistas varones (edad 22,1 ± 5,4) del ranking nacional de Chile. La obtención de ACTN3 y ECA se recogió por muestra la saliva y se analizaron mediante reacción cadena de la polimerasa convencional. La estructura corporal se caracterizó a través del método del somatotipo propuesto por Carter. A partir de estadísticas descriptiva, se analizaron los valores medios de somatotipo, frecuencia de clasificación y ubicación de somato carta, además, de valores de frecuencia de genotipo y alelo de ACTN3 R/X y ECA I/D polimorfismo de acuerdo con número de aparición y porcentaje.Resultados. Se evidenció un predominio de clasificación mesoendomórfica y endomesomórfica, una mayor frecuencia fenotípica XX con predominio de alelo X para el gen ACTN3 y mayor frecuencia DI con predominio de alelo D para ECA. Conclusión. El somatotipo de tenimesistas chilenos tiene una orientación hacia mesoendomorfía y un predominio XX y alelo X del gen ACTN3 y, predominio del genotipo DI y alelo D del gen ECA, estas características podrían ofrecer una ventaja genética en cuanto a niveles de fuerza y potencia muscular, posiblemente facilitando la práctica y el éxito competitivo en estos tenimesistas chilenos. Abstract. Introduction. The study of anthropometric and genetic variables are essential as determinants of sports performance. Objective. The objective of the study was to determine the somatotype and the frequency of genotype and allele of 𝜶-actinin 3 (ACTN3) R577X and angiotensin converting enzyme (RCT) I / D polymorphism of Chilean table tennis players. Method. 24 male table tennis players (age 22.1 x 5.4) of Chile's national rankings were studied. Obtaining ACTN3 and ACE was collected by sample of saliva and analyzed by polymerase chain in real time. The body structure was characterized through the somatotype method proposed by Carter. From descriptive statistics, the mean values of somatotype, frequency of classification and location of somato letter were analyzed, in addition, of genotype frequency values and allele of ACTN3 R/X and ECA I/D polymorphism according to number of occurrence and percentage. Results. It demonstrated a predominance of mesoendomorphy and endomorphy classification, a higher phenotypic frequency XX with predominance of allele X for the ACTN3 gene and higher frequency of DI allele with predomina D for ACE. Conclusion. The somatotype of Chilean tenimestists has an orientation towards mesoendomorphy and a predominance of the genotype XX and allele X of the ACTN3 gene and, predominance of the DI genotype and allele D of the ACE gene, these characteristics could offer a genetic advantage in terms of strength levels and muscle potency, possibly facilitating practice and competitive success in these Chilean tenimists.