Genetic variations of nucleoprotein gene of influenza A viruses isolated from swine in Thailand

Thippamom, Nattakarn; Sreta, Donreuthai; Kitikoon, Pravina; Thanawongnuwech, Roongroje; Poovorawan, Yong; Theamboonlers, Apiradee; Suwannakarn, Kamol; Parchariyanon, Sujira; Damrongwatanapokin, Sudarat; Amonsin, Alongkorn

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-7-185

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The PB1 gene encodes an RNA polymerase and a PB1-F2 protein from an alternative open reading frame [27]. In all of the 2009 isolates, the PB1-F2 protein had the three amino acid substitutions E4G, I16T, and N34S, all of which were also reported in human seasonal H3N2 isolates in Thailand [28]. These changes were also found in one 2008 isolate, A/Uganda/MUWRP-050/2008.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Molecular Epidemiology of Influenza A/H3N2 Viruses Circulating in Uganda

et al. 2011

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The increasing availability of complete influenza virus genomes is deepening our understanding of influenza evolutionary dynamics and facilitating the selection of vaccine strains. However, only one complete African influenza virus sequence is available in the public domain. Here we present a complete genome analysis of 59 influenza A/H3N2 viruses isolated from humans in Uganda during the 2008 and 2009 season. Isolates were recovered from hospital-based sentinel surveillance for influenza-like illnesses and their whole genome sequenced. The viruses circulating during these two seasons clearly differed from each other phylogenetically. They showed a slow evolution away from the 2009/10 recommended vaccine strain (A/Brisbane/10/07), instead clustering with the 2010/11 recommended vaccine strain (A/Perth/16/09) in the A/Victoria/208/09 clade, as observed in other global regions. All of the isolates carried the adamantane resistance marker S31N in the M2 gene and carried several markers of enhanced transmission; as expected, none carried any marker of neuraminidase inhibitor resistance. The hemagglutinin gene of the 2009 isolates differed from that of the 2008 isolates in antigenic sites A, B, D, and to a lesser extent, C and E indicating evidence of an early phylogenetic shift from the 2008 to 2009 viruses. The internal genes of the 2009 isolates were similar to those of one 2008 isolate, A/Uganda/MUWRP-050/2008. Another 2008 isolate had a truncated PB1-F2 protein. Whole genome sequencing can enhance surveillance of future seasonal changes in the viral genome which is crucial to ensure that selected vaccine strains are protective against the strains circulating in Eastern Africa. This data provides an important baseline for this surveillance. Overall the influenza virus activity in Uganda appears to mirror that observed in other regions of the southern hemisphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Molecular Epidemiology of Influenza A/H3N2 Viruses Circulating in Uganda

et al. 2011

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“…The modeling of the atomic NP 3D structure showed that the four lysine residues are exposed to the solvent and therefore are potential targets of TRIM22 ubiquitination [89]. Concerning the other possible roles of the amino acid R-to-K changes, it has been previously reported that none of these residues are involved in the bipartite nuclear localization signal [91], binding to viral RNA [92,93] and viral polymerases [94], but they are mainly correlated with the host specificity of the virus [95]. In this regard, two sites, i.e., 98 and 422, are part of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes [96].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

TRIM22. A Multitasking Antiviral Factor

Pagani

Poli

Vicenzi

2021

Cells

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Viral invasion of target cells triggers an immediate intracellular host defense system aimed at preventing further propagation of the virus. Viral genomes or early products of viral replication are sensed by a number of pattern recognition receptors, leading to the synthesis and production of type I interferons (IFNs) that, in turn, activate a cascade of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) with antiviral functions. Among these, several members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family are antiviral executors. This article will focus, in particular, on TRIM22 as an example of a multitarget antiviral member of the TRIM family. The antiviral activities of TRIM22 against different DNA and RNA viruses, particularly human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and influenza A virus (IAV), will be discussed. TRIM22 restriction of virus replication can involve either direct interaction of TRIM22 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity with viral proteins, or indirect protein–protein interactions resulting in control of viral gene transcription, but also epigenetic effects exerted at the chromatin level.

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“…As they are located in the NP functional domain, it is suggested that these two AAs may play a role in human adaptation and virulence (34). Strains that possessed NP genes of H1avN1 lineage (SRB/sw/2017/1 and SRB/sw/2016/5) revealed aminoacid markers (350T, 371M, 444I and 456V) unique to viruses of H1avN1 and classical swine lineages (45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein sequence features of H1N1 swine influenza A viruses detected on commercial swine farms in Serbia

Zorić¹,

Veljović²,

Radosavljević³

et al. 2023

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction Swine influenza A viruses (swIAVs) are characterised by high mutation rates and zoonotic and pandemic potential. In order to draw conclusions about virulence in swine and pathogenicity to humans, we examined the existence of molecular markers and accessory proteins, cross-reactivity with vaccine strains, and resistance to antiviral drugs in five strains of H1N1 swIAVs. Material and Methods Amino acid (AA) sequences of five previously genetically characterised swIAVs were analysed in MEGA 7.0 software and the Influenza Research Database. Results Amino acid analysis revealed three virus strains with 590S/591R polymorphism and T271A substitution within basic polymerase 2 (PB2) AA chains, which cause enhanced virus replication in mammalian cells. The other two strains possessed D701N and R251K substitutions within PB2 and synthesised PB1-F2 protein, which are the factors of increased polymerase activity and virulence in swine. All strains synthesised PB1-N40, PA-N155, PA-N182, and PA-X proteins responsible for enhanced replication in mammalian cells and downregulation of the immune response of the host. Mutations detected within haemagglutinin antigenic sites imply the antigenic drift of the five analysed viruses in relation to the vaccine strains. All viruses show susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors and baloxavir marboxil, which is important in situations of incidental human infections. Conclusion The detection of virulence markers and accessory proteins in the analysed viruses suggests their higher propensity for replication in mammalian cells, increased virulence, and potential for transmission to humans, and implies compromised efficacy of influenza vaccines.

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Genetic variations of nucleoprotein gene of influenza A viruses isolated from swine in Thailand

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Molecular Epidemiology of Influenza A/H3N2 Viruses Circulating in Uganda

Molecular Epidemiology of Influenza A/H3N2 Viruses Circulating in Uganda

TRIM22. A Multitasking Antiviral Factor

Protein sequence features of H1N1 swine influenza A viruses detected on commercial swine farms in Serbia

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