Genetic variation, real-time PCR, metabolites and mycotoxins ofFusarium avenaceum and related species

Abstract

In this paper the latest studies dealing with genetic variation and mycotoxins ofF. avenaceum and related species are reviewed and compared to the data from chromatographic image analyses. Forty-three European strains ofFusarium avenaceum and related species were classified by chromatographic image analysis on full chromatographic matrices. The results were in most cases in agreement with those from morphological and molecular analyses and supported the separation betweenF. avenaceum, F. arthrosporioides andF. tricinctum and betweenF. avenaceum groups I and II. The mycotoxin profiles of the FinnishF. avenaceum, F. arthrosporioides andF tricinctum strains were very similar to each other. Moniliformin and enniatins were the main mycotoxins produced. A fluorogenic TaqMan PCR assay (qPCR) was used for the detection ofF. avenaceum/ F. arthrosporioides DNA in Finnish barley and wheat. The qPCR results obtained from grain samples were compared to mycotoxin levels. A correlation was found betweenF. avenaceum/F. arthrosporioides DNA and moniliformin (MON) and enniatin (ENNs) levels in barley. A correlation was also found between the combinedF. avenaceum/F. arthrosporioides/F. tricinctum contamination and MON and ENNs levels in barley in 2002, but not in 2003. This was probably due to the higher MON and ENNs levels in 2002 than in 2003. It was possible to use the DNA levels ofF. avenaceum/F. arthrosporioides to distinguish between most barley samples containing high amounts of MON and ENNs from those containing low levels of the mycotoxins.

Four-locus phylogeny of Fusarium avenaceum and related species and their species-specific identification based on partial phosphate permease gene sequences

“…Chromatographic image analysis (Yli-Mattila et al, 2006) has also shown close similarity between the F. acuminatum and F. tricinctum strains. In our study, separation of the F. tricinctum/F.…”

“…They are known as producers of mycotoxins such as enniatins (ENNs) and moniliformin (MON) (Covarelli et al, 2015;Jestoi et al, 2004;Jestoi, 2008). Some authors reported the ability of these species to produce beauvericin Morrison et al, 2002) but more recent studies did not confirm this fact (Kokkonen et al, 2010;Yli-Mattila et al, 2006). Enniatins (ENNs) are cyclic hexadepsipeptides acting as ion channels which are able to cause ionic imbalance in cells, leading to DNA fragmentation and apoptosis (Kamyar et al, 2004;Kouri et al, 2003;Macchia et al, 2002).…”

“…Kulik (2008) designed primers specific for F. tricinctum using a single nucleotide polymorphism of IGS of the rRNA gene, but cross reactions with F. acuminatum and F. nurragi strains were shown. Yli-Mattila et al (2006) developed qPCR approach to estimate F. avenaceum/F. arthrosporioides DNA levels in contaminated grain and to find a correlation between Fusarium DNA content and mycotoxin (MON and ENNs) contamination.…”

Determination of Fusarium mycotoxins enniatins, beauvericin and fusaproliferin in cereals and derived products from Tunisia

“…The analyzed sorghum and corn samples were EN B free. While mean values in EN B positive ENs and BEA have been detected worldwide, and were generally found in grains contaminated with several Fusarium species (Logrieco et al, 2002;Moretti, Logrieco, Bottalico, Ritieni, & Randazzo, 1994;Plattner & Nelson, 2004;Yli-Mattila et al, 2006).…”

MOLECULAR GENETIC APPROACHES FOR INVESTIGATION OF TAXONOMY AND SPECIFIC IDENTIFICATION OF TOXIN-PRODUCING Fusarium SPECIES: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS (review)

“…Noteworthy, the species are clustered in strict accordance with their mycotoxin patterns, i.e. A trichothecenes producers (F. sporotrichioides, F. langsethiae) Data on interspecies polymorphism of specific DNA loci facilitates the development highly specific detection system for Fusarium pathogens based on classical PCR or its modification [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61]. Routine application of these systems provides rapid and accurate identification of a pathogen at different levels (species, subspecies or species groups depending on the task), and hence allows to predict the potentially accumulated mycotoxins.…”