Genetic Variation of Four Gyps Species (Gyps bengalensis, G. AFRICANUS, G. indicus and G. fulvus) Based on Microsatellite Analysis

Arshad, Muhammad; Pedall, Inken; González, Javier; Hatzofe, Ohad; Khan, Aleem Ahmed; Osborne, Tim

doi:10.3356/jrr-08-91.1

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…N. monachus revealed significantly higher levels of heterozygosity and low levels of inbreeding (F = −0.07). The genetic diversity values for G. africanus and G. barbatus estimated in this study are similar to the values reported in the literature for the Namibian G. africanus population 7 and European G. barbatus populations 32 . This provides support for the results recovered in the present study not being biased by sample size or marker choice, but rather reflect the true levels of genetic variation present in populations of these African vultures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Habitat fragmentation and reduced effective population size can affect the genetic structure of endangered species 3 , by increasing levels of inbreeding and genetic drift within populations which in turn reduces the amount of genetic diversity within the gene pool 4,5 . Reduced genetic diversity in turn can have detrimental effects on species ability to recover from demographic, environmental and genetic stochasticity 6 , and can be a contributing factor in reduced long- and short-term survival of endangered species 3,7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Global vulture populations have plummeted in recent years 7–10 . During the last decade, Africa and Asia have experienced the highest decrease in vulture populations 8,9,11,12 , as such these species are conservation priorities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low genetic diversity and shallow population structure in the endangered vulture, Gyps coprotheres

Kleinhans

Willows‐Munro

2019

Sci Rep

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Globally, vulture species are experiencing major population declines. The southern African Cape vulture ( Gyps coprotheres ) has undergone severe population collapse which has led to a listing of Endangered by the IUCN. Here, a comprehensive genetic survey of G. coprotheres is conducted using microsatellite markers. Analyses revealed an overall reduction in heterozygosity compared to other vulture species that occur in South Africa ( Gypaetus barbatus , Necrosyrtes monachus , and Gyps africanus ). Bayesian clustering analysis and principal coordinate analysis identified shallow, subtle population structuring across South Africa. This provides some support for regional natal philopatry in this species. Despite recent reductions in population size, a genetic bottleneck was not detected by the genetic data. The G. coprotheres , however, did show a significant deficiency of overall heterozygosity. This, coupled with the elevated levels of inbreeding and reduced effective population size, suggests that G. coprotheres is genetically depauperate. Given that genetic variation is considered a prerequisite for adaptation and population health, the low genetic diversity within G. coprotheres populations is of concern and has implications for the future management and conservation of this species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low genetic diversity and shallow population structure in the endangered vulture, Gyps coprotheres

Kleinhans

Willows‐Munro

2019

Sci Rep

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“…Our results of genetic variability are also comparable to those recently described in other long‐lived vulture species (values of H O based on microsatellites in four other species from Europe and the Middle East ranged from 0.47 to 0.67; Gouar et al. , 2008; Arshad et al. , 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Evidence of connectivity between continental and differentiated insular populations in a highly mobile species

Agudo

Rico

Hiraldo

et al. 2010

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim Genetically differentiated insular populations are candidates for independent units for conservation. However, occasional immigration to reduced island populations may occur and potentially have important consequences in their future viability and evolutionary potential. In this study, we investigate the conservation implications of population structure and connectivity of insular and continental populations of a migratory raptor as determined using genetic tools and satellite tracking. Location Western European populations in the Iberian Peninsula and two insular populations in the Mediterranean Sea (Balearic Islands) and Atlantic Ocean (Canary Islands). Methods We genotyped 22 microsatellite loci in 96 Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) from the Iberian Peninsula, 36 from Menorca (Balearic archipelago) and 242 (85% of the current population) from Fuerteventura (Canary Islands). We analysed genetic variation to estimate structure, gene flow, genetic diversity, effective size and recent demographic history of the populations. Additionally, 19 vultures were marked with satellite transmitters to track their migration routes. Results Insular populations were genetically differentiated from those of the mainland. We detected immigration in the insular populations and within the continental counterpart. We found similar levels of genetic variability between the continent and the islands, and a bottleneck analysis indicated recent sharp population declines in both archipelagos but not on the continent. Main conclusions Our study provides evidence that, in spite of significant differentiation, insular populations of highly mobile species may remain connected with the mainland. Conservation programmes should take into account population connectivity and integrate differentiated units of management within complex units of conservation that can best maintain processes and potential for evolutionary change.

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“…58 5690.0129 (0.0006–0.0296)HKY + I b 0.013 (0.5)10 × 10 8 ; 3 × 10 3 White-backed vulture77Cyt-bArshad et al . 61 10260.014 (0.0003–0.046)HKY0.014 (1.2)9 × 10 7 ; 25 × 10 2 Puma45NAD5Matte et at . 30 3130.0221 (0.0080–0.0464)TN930.022 (0.4)9 × 10 7 ; 25 × 10 2 22ATP8Culver et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demography of avian scavengers after Pleistocene megafaunal extinction

Perrig

Fountain

Lambertucci

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The late Quaternary megafauna extinctions reshaped species assemblages, yet we know little about how extant obligate scavengers responded to this abrupt ecological change. To explore whether obligate scavengers persisted by depending on contemporary community linkages or via foraging flexibility, we tested the importance of the trophic interaction between pumas ( Puma concolor ) and native camelids ( Vicugna vicugna and Lama guanicoe ) for the persistence of Andean condors ( Vultur gryphus ) in southern South America, and compared the demographic history of three vultures in different continents. We sequenced and compiled mtDNA to reconstruct past population dynamics. Our results suggest that Andean condors increased in population size >10 KYA, whereas vicuñas and pumas showed stable populations and guanacos a recent (<10 KYA) demographic expansion, suggesting independent trajectories between species. Further, vultures showed positive demographic trends: white-backed vultures ( Gyps africanus ) increased in population size, matching attenuated community changes in Africa, and California condors ( Gymnogyps californianus ) exhibited a steep demographic expansion ~20 KYA largely concurrent with North American megafaunal extinctions. Our results suggest that dietary plasticity of extant vulture lineages allowed them to thrive despite historical environmental changes. This dietary flexibility, however, is now detrimental as it enhances risk to toxicological compounds harbored by modern carrion resources.

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Genetic Variation of Four Gyps Species (Gyps bengalensis, G. AFRICANUS, G. indicus and G. fulvus) Based on Microsatellite Analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Low genetic diversity and shallow population structure in the endangered vulture, Gyps coprotheres

Low genetic diversity and shallow population structure in the endangered vulture, Gyps coprotheres

Evidence of connectivity between continental and differentiated insular populations in a highly mobile species

Demography of avian scavengers after Pleistocene megafaunal extinction

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