Genetic variation of cowslip (Primula veris L.) populations (West Poland)

Morozowska, Maria; Krzakowa, Maria

doi:10.5586/asbp.2003.043

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although Morozowska (2002) found that the majority of seeds obtained from natural populations in Poland appeared to be viable by a tetrazolium test (mean 88%, range 83-92%), seed germination rates were surprisingly variable. Poor germination rates are usually due to dormancy (Thompson et al 1997).…”

Section: Floral and Seed Charactersmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…(2004), who showed increasing levels of (biparental) inbreeding at high plant densities, which they, at least partly, attributed to pollinator behaviour combined with restricted seed dispersal. On the other hand, Antrobus & Lack (1993) and Morozowska & Krzakowa (2003) argued that long‐distance pollen dispersal across populations is one of the most plausible explanations for the low genetic differentiation ( F ST < 0.102) that they observed among P. veris populations in the Oxford region and western Poland, respectively. Because P. veris flowers at the time that queen Bombus spp., Anthophora spp.…”

Section: Floral and Seed Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thompson et al (1997) therefore classified P. veris as a species that forms a short-term persistent seed bank, with a mean seed bank density of 183 m −2 . Treatment of cowslip seeds with gibberellins significantly increased germination success (Kéry et al 2000;Morozowska 2002). GA 3 treatment was most effective at a germination temperature of 10 °C with a seven days prechilling, resulting in germination rates of 92.6-99.3%, whereas this was only 63.3-92.0% at a temperature of 20 °C (Morozowska 2002).…”

Section: Floral and Seed Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Primula veris L.

Brys

Jacquemyn

2009

Journal of Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Primula veris that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles : distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and diseases, history and conservation. 2. Primula veris is a distylous, perennial rosette hemicryptophyte, mostly found in well-drained, herb-rich meadows and grasslands, in scrub or woodland rides and edges, and on calcareous cliffs. It occurs on base-rich loams or clays, on limestone, and sometimes in dunes. 3. Native to the British Isles, it is characteristic of many mesotrophic and calcicolous lowland grassland communities, but it also extends into upland valleys in northern England and Scotland. In Ireland it is also native and most abundant in the central plain. Primula veris occurs throughout the temperate areas of Europe as far east as the Russian border. 4. Primula veris is a shade-intolerant species that shows reduced performance and flowering under shade or increased competition. The species is not able to penetrate anoxic soil layers and is therefore mostly absent from locations that are characterized by a high water table. It has a welldeveloped drought tolerance. 5. Primula veris is an obligate outbreeder which entirely depends on foraging insects for successful pollination. Although the species shows heterostyly, with two reciprocal morphs (pin and thrum), only relatively low levels of intermorph pollination have been reported. Seed dispersal is restricted to a few centimetres from maternal plants, whereas pollen flow is wider, but still limited to a few metres from parental plants. Both are factors that contribute to a significantly fine-scale spatial genetic structure and small neighbourhood size. 6. At several locations throughout the British Isles, P. veris occurs together with P. elatior and especially P. vulgaris . The hybrid P. veris × P. vulgaris = P. × polyantha occurs frequently in mixed populations, whereas the hybrid P. veris × P. elatior = P. × media has been rarely reported in Britain. 7. Although P. veris is still a widespread grassland herb, it is less abundant in the British Isles and continental Europe than before. This decline can be attributed to changes in land-use practices, such as the loss of traditional hay-meadow management, the loss of grazing and an increase of ploughing, in combination with ongoing destruction and nutrient enrichment of permanent grasslands. However, from 1980 onwards the species has increased substantially in many areas of the UK, largely because its seeds are included in wildflower seed-mixtures that are sown on new or upgraded road and motorway verges, embankments and urban conservation areas.

show abstract

Section: Floral and Seed Charactersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Floral and Seed Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Floral and Seed Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Primula veris L.

Brys

Jacquemyn

2009

Journal of Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The current supply of saponins (in the international trade market) extracted from plants grown conventionally in the field is generally considered a laborious and low yielding process. This, together with cultivation-focused problems of P. veris crops [13,44], has resulted in the exploitation of different biotechnological systems for root biomass production similar to other plant species such as Datura stramonium and Hyoscyamus muticus [45], Atropa belladonna [45,46], and Panax ginseng [21], among others. In addition, the collection of cowslip raw materials from natural resources does not guarantee high quality, as concentrations of the biologically active compounds, similarly to many other medicinal plants, very often may vary [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The valuable secondary metabolites (SMs) produced in the underground organs of P. veris can be obtained only from cultivated plants [11]. In the majority of Primula species, including P. veris, there are well-known difficulties with seed germination under greenhouse or field conditions [11,12], therefore, alternative ways such as in vitro culture have been suggested for producing plant raw material for the pharmaceutical industry from the protected plant species in a relatively short time [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species-Specific Secondary Metabolites from Primula veris subsp. veris Obtained In Vitro Adventitious Root Cultures: An Alternative for Sustainable Production

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Primula veris subsp. veris L. is a perennial herbaceous and medicinal plant species the roots and flowers of which are a source of valuable pharmaceutical raw materials. The plant tissues are used to produce expectorant and diuretic drugs due to their high content of triterpene saponins and phenolic glycosides. Underground roots of P. veris can be obtained only through a destructive process during the plant’s harvesting. In the present study, an in vitro adventitious root production protocol was developed as an alternative way of production, focused on four species-specific secondary metabolites. Root explants were cultured in Murashing & Skoog liquid medium supplemented with 5.4 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.5 μM kinetin, L-proline 100 mg/L, and 30 g/L sucrose, in the dark and under agitation. The effect of temperature (10, 15 and 22 °C) on biomass production was investigated. The content of two flavonoid compounds (primeverin and primulaverin), and two main triterpene saponins (primulic acid I and II) were determined after 60 days of culture and compared with 1.5-year-old soil-grown plants. The accumulated content (mg/g DW) of bioactive compounds of in vitro adventitious roots cultured under 22 °C was significantly higher than the other two temperatures of the study, being 9.71 mg/g DW in primulaverin, 0.09 mg/g DW in primeverin, 6.09 mg/g DW in primulic acid I, and 0.51 mg/g DW in primulic acid II. Compared to the soil-grown roots (10.23 mg/g DW primulaverin, 0.28 mg/g DW primeverin, 17.01 mg/g DW primulic acid I, 0.09 mg/g DW primulic acid II), the in vitro grown roots at 22 °C exhibited a 5.67-fold higher content in primulic acid II. However, primulic acid I and primeverin content were approximately three-fold higher in soil-grown roots, while primulaverin content were at similar levels for both in vitro at 22 °C and soil-grown roots. From our results, tissue culture of P. veris subsp. veris could serve not only for propagation but also for production of species-specific secondary metabolites such as primulic acid II through adventitious root cultures. This would therefore limit the uncontrolled collection of this plant from its natural environment and provide natural products free from pesticides in a sustainable way.

show abstract

Genetic variation of cowslip (Primula veris L.) populations (West Poland)

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Primula veris L.

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Primula veris L.

Species-Specific Secondary Metabolites from Primula veris subsp. veris Obtained In Vitro Adventitious Root Cultures: An Alternative for Sustainable Production

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About