Genetic Variation of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Cultivated by Chibchan Amerindians of Costa Rica

Zaldívar, Maria E.; Rocha, Óscar J.; Aguilar, Gabriel; Castro, L. E.; Castro, Emilio; Barrantes, Ramiro

doi:10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0204:gvocme]2.0.co;2

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This result was also shown within cassava populations in Costa Rica (Zaldivar et al 2004) and Africa (Raji et al 2009), within regions or cluster groups of cassava (Mühlen et al 2000;Cabral et al 2002;Lokko et al 2006;Siqueira et al 2009), as well as within households with sweet potato (Veasey et al 2008). Peroni et al (2007) obtained values indicating that despite the higher diversity of the sweet varieties of cassava, in comparison with the bitter ones, the divergence among the two groups was low, however, significant, with most genetic diversity concentrated within groups.…”

Section: Genetic Structuresupporting

confidence: 54%

Microsatellite Polymorphisms in Cassava Landraces from the Cerrado Biome, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Siqueira

Pinheiro²,

Borges³

et al. 2010

Biochem Genet

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Using nine microsatellite loci, we investigated genetic structure and diversity in 83 Brazilian cassava accessions, including several landraces, in the Cerrado biome in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. All nine loci were polymorphic, averaging 6.00 alleles per locus. Treating each of seven municipalities as a cassava group or population, they averaged 3.5 alleles per locus, with 97% polymorphic loci, high values for observed heterozygosity (0.32) and gene diversity (0.56). Total genetic variability was high (0.668), and most of this genetic variability was concentrated within municipalities (0.577). Cluster and structure analyses divided accessions into two major clusters or populations (K = 2). Also, a significant genetic versus geographic correlation was found (r = 0.4567; P < 0.0260). Migratory routes in the Cerrado are considered main contributors to the region's high cassava diversity and spatial genetic structure, amplifying interactions between traditional farmers and the evolutionary dynamics of this crop.

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Section: Genetic Structuresupporting

confidence: 54%

Microsatellite Polymorphisms in Cassava Landraces from the Cerrado Biome, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Siqueira

Pinheiro²,

Borges³

et al. 2010

Biochem Genet

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“…The secondary gene pool includes M. triphylla, M. pilosa, M. brachyloba, M. anomala, M. epruinosa, M. gracilis, M. tripartita, M. leptophylla, M. pohlii, M. glaziovii, M. dichotoma, M. aesculifolia, and M. chlorosticta. Cassava is an interesting case because even though relatively little is known about its genetics, a molecular map has already been developed (Fregene et al 1997(Fregene et al , 2000Mba et al 2001). In addition, many studies of genetic variability among and within landraces have been conducted (Asante and Offei 2003;Elias et al 2001aElias et al , 2001bElias et al , 2004Peroni and Hanazaki 2002;Sambatti et al 2001;Zaldivar et al 2004). In general, the vegetative reproduction of the crop has not necessarily led to a drastic reduction of genetic variability, particularly when it is used as a reliable food security staple crop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of Cassava to Changing Climates

Ceballos¹,

Ramírez²,

Bellotti³

et al. 2011

Crop Adaptation to Climate Change

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“…Traditional agriculture maintains high levels of species and genetic diversity of cultivated plants (Altieri et al 1987;Beckerman 1983;Bellon and Brush 1994;Bellon 1996;Lambert 1996;Brush 2000;Zaldivar et al 2002Zaldivar et al , 2004. Home gardens are a form of traditional agriculture widely distributed throughout the world (Hodel and Gessler 1999;Lamont et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, there is very little known about the genetic diversity of Mesoamerican cassava (Chavarriaga-Aguirre et al 1999), particularly in Central America. Zaldivar et al (2004) used isozyme markers to study genetic diversity of cassava cultivars being grown in home gardens of Chibchan Amerindians from Costa Rica. Their data revealed high levels of genetic variation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite variation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in home gardens of Chibchan Amerindians from Costa Rica

et al. 2007

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We used 13 microsatellite marker loci to determine the genetic diversity of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) grown in home gardens in two Chibchan Amerindian reserves in Costa Rica. We compared the levels of genetic diversity in the reserves with that of commercial varieties typically cultivated in Costa Rica. We found high levels of genetic diversity among cassava plants. Overall, 12 of the 13 loci examined were polymorphic in each Amerindian reserve (P = 92.3). Moreover, we found 36 alleles in the Coto Brus Reserve and 33 in the Talamanca Reserve. In the commercial varieties only nine loci were polymorphic (P = 69.2), and we only found 23 alleles. Heterozygosity was high for all groups of cassava (Coto Brus, Talamanca, and commercial varieties), but it was higher among the commercial varieties. The levels of heterozygosity and allele diversity indicate that there is significant genetic diversity in the home gardens that we examined. Another indication of the high diversity found in these gardens is the number of distinct multilocus genotypes, 28 at Coto Brus and 19 at Talamanca. There was also more than one distinct multilocus genotype found within the commercial varieties, as three were found in Valencia and four in Manyi. Our data also revealed low levels of genetic differentiation between the three groups of cassava (F st = 0.03), and Nei's genetic distances ranged from 0.0167 to 0.0343. In addition, F estimates (F is and F it ) indicate excess heterozygotes, both at the subpopulation and the population level. A hierarchical analysis of the genetic variation revealed that variation between sampling locations within each of the three groups of cassava was larger than that between groups (Theta S = 0.0775 and Theta P = 0.0204, respectively). The variety Manyi was the group genetically most distant from all others. We discuss the consequences of these findings for in situ conservation of genetic resources.

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Genetic Variation of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Cultivated by Chibchan Amerindians of Costa Rica

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Microsatellite Polymorphisms in Cassava Landraces from the Cerrado Biome, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Microsatellite Polymorphisms in Cassava Landraces from the Cerrado Biome, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Adaptation of Cassava to Changing Climates

Microsatellite variation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in home gardens of Chibchan Amerindians from Costa Rica

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