Genetic variation in the endangered wild apple (<i>Malus sylvestris</i> (L.) Mill.) in Belgium as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite markers

Coart, Els; Vekemans, Xavier; Smulders, M.J.M.; Wagner, Ina; Huylenbroeck, Johan Van; Bockstaele, Erik Van; Roldán‐Ruiz, Isabel

doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01778.x

Cited by 138 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, this is in line with the findings of Coart et al (2003) studying hybridization between the two species in Belgium and Germany. In this study they found 3 hybrids out of a total of 76 putative wild individuals studied.…”

Section: Hybridization Between Malus Sylvestris and Malus ×Domesticasupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Potentially, homoplasy can pose a problem in delineating the relationship between taxonomic units (Goldstein & Pollock, 1997). Nevertheless, concordance between results obtained using AFLP and microsatellite markers in the aforementioned study of Coart et al (2003) suggests that this is not an issue for the present study.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…However, for practical studies the most prominent character analyzed appear to be pubescence of abaxial leaf surfaces (eg. Wagner, 1998b;Coart et al, 2003). Thus, contrary to flowers and fruits, leaves can be studied for an extensive period of time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hypothesis is plausible due to the weak genetic barriers to interspecific and intergeneric hybridization within the subfamily Maloideae in Rosaceae (Korban, 1986). Recent research using microsatellite and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers do, however, question this hypothesis by showing only limited admixture between Belgian and German populations of M. sylvestris and the close relative M. ×domestica (Coart et al, 2003). Isozyme analyses of German M. sylvestris populations adds further support to the hypothesis that M. ×domestica and M. sylvestris still make up two separate gene pools (Wagner et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the present study, microsatellite markers were chosen due to their applicability in earlier studies of hybridization (Muir et al, 2000;Beaumont et al, 2001;Coart et al, 2003), codominance, and ease of interpretation in studies of population differentiation (Balloux and Lugon-Moulin, 2002), high level of diversity, and reproducibility allowing for future comparisons of European data (Jones et al, 1997). Potentially, homoplasy can pose a problem in delineating the relationship between taxonomic units (Goldstein & Pollock, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybridization and genetic variation in Danish populations of European crab apple (Malus sylvestris)

Larsen

Asmussen²,

Coart³

et al. 2006

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic variation in Danish populations of the endangered European crab apple (Malus sylvestris). Special emphasis was given to hybridization between the wild species and its cultivated relative Malus ×domestica. A total of 178 wild individuals from four Danish populations were studied along with a reference sample of 29 old cultivars. The genetic variation within and among samples was studied at ten microsatellite marker loci. Additionally, a morphological analysis was carried out to identify hybrids and test for correspondence between phenotypic and genotypic indices of hybridization.From application of ordination and a model based cluster analysis to the molecular data, two clusters were identified consisting of wild and cultivated individuals respectively. This indicates that pronounced admixture between the two species is not present. At the population level, a high correspondence was found between geographic isolation from M. ×domestica and genotypic and morphological indices of hybridization. As expected, isolated populations appeared less affected by hybridization than poorly isolated populations. Isolated 'pure' M. sylvestris populations could thus be identified. However, morphological and molecular evidence of hybridization was found to be divergent at the individual level. This is suggestive of some historical introgression into the M. sylvestris gene pool, and indicates that relying exclusively on either morphological or molecular characters as diagnostic markers in studies of hybridization between M. ×domestica and M. sylvestris might lead to fallible results. Combined application of genetic and morphological markers is therefore recommended.3

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Section: Hybridization Between Malus Sylvestris and Malus ×Domesticasupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Hybridization and genetic variation in Danish populations of European crab apple (Malus sylvestris)

Larsen

Asmussen²,

Coart³

et al. 2006

Tree Genetics & Genomes

Self Cite

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Genetic integrity is still maintained in natural populations of the indigenous wild apple species Malus sylvestris (Mill.) in Saxony as demonstrated with nuclear SSR and chloroplast DNA markers

Reim

Lochschmidt²,

Proft³

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Malus sylvestris (Mill.) is the only indigenous wild apple species in Central Europe. Agriculture, forestry, and urbanization increasingly endanger Malus sylvestris natural habitats. In addition, the risks of cross‐hybridization associated with increase in the cultivation of the domesticated apple Malus × domestica (Borkh.) threaten the genetic integrity of M. sylvestris . The present study investigated the number of hybrids, genetic diversity, and genetic structure of 292 putative M. sylvestris that originate from five different natural M. sylvestris populations in Saxony, Germany. All samples were genetically analyzed using nine nuclear microsatellite markers (ncSSR) and four maternally inherited chloroplast markers (cpDNA) along with 56 apple cultivars commonly cultivated in Saxony. Eighty‐seven percent of the wild apple accessions were identified as pure M. sylvestris . The cpDNA analysis showed six private haplotypes for M. sylvestris, whereas three haplotypes were present in M. sylvestris and M. × domestica . The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) resulted in a moderate (ncSSR) and great (cpDNA) variation among pure M. sylvestris and M. × domestica individuals indicating a low gene flow between both species. The genetic diversity within the pure M. sylvestris populations was high with a weak genetic structure between the M. sylvestris populations indicating an unrestricted genetic exchange between these M. sylvestris populations. The clear distinguishing of M. sylvestris and M. ×domestica confirms our expectation of the existence of pure M. sylvestris accessions in this area and supports the argument for the implementation of preservation measures to protect the M. sylvestris populations in Saxony.

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The Long Ashton Legacy: Characterising United Kingdom West Country cider apples using a genotyping by targeted sequencing approach

Harper

Winfield

Copas³

et al. 2019

Plants People Planet

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Societal Impact Statement The English West Country is the home of cider making, providing the region with jobs and industry, as well as cultural reference points such as Laurie Lee's Cider with Rosie. Many important cider apple varieties were developed at Long Ashton Research Station (LARS), near Bristol, UK, including 29 varieties known collectively as ‘The Girls’. After its closure, some of the knowledge and expertise acquired at Long Ashton was lost, including the pedigree of ‘The Girls’. We sampled LARS’ derived trees and, using a novel genotyping technique, rediscovered the pedigree of ‘The Girls’, ensuring that this important cider apple collection will be available for future generations. Summary Our research had two objectives: (a) record the influence of Long Ashton Research Station on the introduction of new cider apple cultivars to the UK; (b) rediscover the parentage of the cider apple cultivars known collectively as ‘The Girls’. For rapid, cost effective and accurate genotyping, we used the recently developed, medium density, single nucleotide polymorphism‐based genotyping procedure, SEQSNP®, to characterize the cultivars. We generated a medium density (1,500 markers), whole genome genotype for 245 apple cultivars that allowed us to determine the relationship between cultivars and, in so doing, rediscover the parentage of ‘The Girls’. We show that SNP genotyping is an efficient tool for the analysis of genetic diversity in cider apples and apples in general, and that the cider apple breeding programme carried out at Long Ashton Research Station made, and continues to make, a unique contribution to UK cider production.

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Genetic variation in the endangered wild apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) in Belgium as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite markers

Cited by 138 publications

References 43 publications

Hybridization and genetic variation in Danish populations of European crab apple (Malus sylvestris)

Hybridization and genetic variation in Danish populations of European crab apple (Malus sylvestris)

Genetic integrity is still maintained in natural populations of the indigenous wild apple species Malus sylvestris (Mill.) in Saxony as demonstrated with nuclear SSR and chloroplast DNA markers

The Long Ashton Legacy: Characterising United Kingdom West Country cider apples using a genotyping by targeted sequencing approach

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