Genetic variation in plant volatile emission does not result in differential attraction of natural enemies in the field

Wason, Elizabeth L.; Hunter, Mark D.

doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2787-4

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Paralleling our results, Wason, Agrawal and Hunter () recently showed that high‐latitude populations of Asclepias syriaca showed greater induction of VOCs emissions than low‐latitude ones. However, using the same system, despite this difference in VOCs produced by plants from different latitudes, Wason and Hunter () found no difference in recruitment of herbivore natural enemies between ecotypes. In contrast, here, we found increased ant attraction to the high‐elevation ecotype of V. sepium following induction with methyl‐jasmonate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Relatively few studies have reported intraspecific variation in VOCs emission in natural populations of plants and/or differences in the attraction of natural enemies (Kessler, Gase & Baldwin ; Kariyat et al . ; Pearse, Gee & Beck ; Wason & Hunter ). Yet, we know that the production of herbivore‐induced VOCs depends on the interaction between biotic factors, including plant hormones (van Poecke & Dicke ), herbivore‐derived elicitors (Halitschke et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). To date, relatively few studies have investigated intraspecific variation in indirect defence in natural populations of plants (Wason & Hunter ) and to our knowledge virtually, none have compared direct and indirect defences along environmental gradients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential allocation and deployment of direct and indirect defences by Vicia sepium along elevation gradients

et al. 2014

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Summary1. Dissecting drivers of plant defence investment remains central for understanding the assemblage of communities across different habitats. There is increasing evidence that direct defence strategies against herbivores, including secondary metabolites production, differ along ecological gradients in response to variation in biotic and abiotic conditions. In contrast, intraspecific variation in indirect defences remains unexplored. 2. Here, we investigated variation in herbivory rate, resistance to herbivores and indirect defences in ant-attracting Vicia species along the elevation gradient of the Alps. Specifically, we compared volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ant attraction in high-and low-elevation ecotypes. 3. Consistent with adaptation to the lower herbivory conditions that we detected at higher elevations in the field, high-elevation plants were visited by fewer ants and were more susceptible to herbivore attack. In parallel, constitutive volatile organic compound production and subsequent ant attraction were lower in the high-elevation ecotypes. 4. We observed an elevation-driven trade-off between constitutive and inducible production of VOCs and ant attraction along the environmental cline. At higher elevations, inducible defences increased, while constitutive defence decreased, suggesting that the high-elevation ecotypes compensate for lower indirect constitutive defences only after herbivore attack. 5. Synthesis. Overall, direct and indirect defences of plants vary along elevation gradients. Our findings show that plant allocation to defences are subject to trade-offs depending on local conditions, and point to a feedback mechanism linking local herbivore pressure, predator abundance and the defence investment of plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential allocation and deployment of direct and indirect defences by Vicia sepium along elevation gradients

et al. 2014

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“…The composition of herbivore‐induced VOC blends is known to be highly specific to plant genotype (e.g., Degen et al. , Wason and Hunter ), plant sex (e.g., Ashman ), and herbivore identity (Clavijo McCormick et al. , Moreira et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specificity of plant–plant communication for Baccharis salicifolia sexes but not genotypes

Moreira

Nell

Meza-Lopez

et al. 2018

Ecology

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Plants are able to adjust their anti‐herbivore defenses in response to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by herbivore‐damaged neighbors, and some of these changes increase resistance against subsequent herbivory. This phenomenon of plant–plant communication is thought to be widespread, but recent investigations have cautioned that it can be context dependent, including variation in the strength of communication based on the identity of plants and their associated herbivores. Here, we performed three greenhouse experiments using multiple male and female genotypes of the dioecious woody shrub Baccharis salicifolia and its specialist aphid Uroleucon macolai to test for specificity of plant–plant communication with respect to plant sex and genotype. Moreover, we evaluated plant sexual dimorphism and genotypic variation in VOC emissions (i.e., the “speaking” side of the interaction) and response of plants to VOC exposure (i.e., the “listening” side of the interaction) in order to identify the chemical mechanisms underlying such specificity. We did not find genotypic specificity of communication; emitter plants damaged by U. macolai significantly reduced subsequent U. macolai performance on receivers, but these effects were indistinguishable for communication within vs. among genotypes. In contrast, we found sex specificity of communication; male emitter plants reduced subsequent U. macolai performance on male and female receiver plants equally, while female emitter plants only did so for female receivers. We found sexual (but not genotypic) dimorphism in speaking but not listening; of the seven compounds induced by U. macolai feeding (speaking), pinocarvone was approximately fivefold greater in female than in male plants, while exposure of plants to pinocarvone emissions (listening) reduced U. macolai performance equally in both male and female plants. Together, our study demonstrates novel evidence for sexually dimorphic specificity of plant–plant communication and the chemical mechanism underlying this effect.

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“…Many parasitoids are generalists and attack multiple hosts, while many herbivorous insects feed on a variety of plants (Ali and Agrawal 2012); this is problematic when coupled with the fact that some plants release odors that are specific to the type of herbivore attacking them (De Moraes et al 1998). Additionally, there is variation in VOC production even among individuals in populations of plants (Dicke and Baldwin 2010, Wason and Hunter 2013). Considering all of this variability together, how do parasitoids ever find hosts?…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate and Learned Olfactory Responses in a Wild Population of the Egg ParasitoidTrichogramma(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Wilson

Woods

2016

J Insect Sci

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Parasitoid insects face the fundamental problem of finding a suitable host in environments filled with competing stimuli. Many are deft sensors of olfactory cues emitted by other insects and the plants they live on, and use these cues to find hosts. Using olfactory cues from host-plants is effective because plants release volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in response to herbivory or oviposition, that contain information about the presence of hosts. However, plant-produced cues can also be misleading because they are influenced by a variety of stimuli (abiotic variation, infection and multiple sources of induction via herbivory or oviposition). Flexible behavior is one strategy that parasitoids may use to cope with variation in olfactory cues. We examine the innate and learned responses of a natural population of wasp egg parasitoids (Trichogramma deion and Trichogramma sathon) using a series of laboratory and field Y-olfactometer experiments. Wasps typically attack eggs of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta and Manduca quinquemaculata on native Datura wrightii plants in the southwestern United States. We show that Trichogramma wasps responded innately to VOCs produced by D. wrightii and could distinguish plants recently attacked by M. sexta from non-attacked plants. Furthermore, adult Trichogramma wasps were able to learn components of the VOC blend given off by D. wrightii, though they did not learn during exposure as pupae. By further exploring the behavioral ecology of a natural population of Trichogramma, we gain greater insight into how egg parasitoids function in tri-trophic systems.

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Genetic variation in plant volatile emission does not result in differential attraction of natural enemies in the field

Cited by 28 publications

References 45 publications

Differential allocation and deployment of direct and indirect defences by Vicia sepium along elevation gradients

Differential allocation and deployment of direct and indirect defences by Vicia sepium along elevation gradients

Specificity of plant–plant communication for Baccharis salicifolia sexes but not genotypes

Innate and Learned Olfactory Responses in a Wild Population of the Egg ParasitoidTrichogramma(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

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