Genetic variation in heat resistance and HSP70 expression in inbred isofemale lines of the springtail Orchesella cincta

Bahrndorff, Simon; Mariën, Janine; Loeschcke, Volker; Ellers, Jacintha

doi:10.3354/cr00896

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Several studies have found a positive correlation between heat tolerance and HSP70 expression (Bahrndorff et al, 2009), whereas others have shown opposite or no correlations (Dahlgaard et al, 1998;Bahrndorff et al, 2009Bahrndorff et al, , 2010. Using the same treatments as herein a previous study on B. anynana, we showed that exposure for 2 h to 39 1C strongly increased subsequent heat-stress survival (Franke and Fischer, 2013), suggesting that a positive relationship between HSP70 expression and heat tolerance exists also in our study organism.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Interestingly, some studies have documented increased HSP70 expression following inbreeding, which has been interpreted as part of a more general stress response which may include even 'genetic stress' caused by inbreeding (Kristensen et al, 2002;Cheng et al, 2006;but Bahrndorff et al, 2010). However, a higher HSP70 expression in inbred compared with outbred Drosophila larvae were only found at less stressful intermediate temperatures, whereas they disappeared under more stressful conditions (Kristensen et al, 2002;Cheng et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inbreeding interferes with the heat-shock response

Franke

Fischer

2014

Heredity

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Inbreeding is typically detrimental to individual fitness, with negative effects being often exaggerated in stressful environments. However, the causal mechanisms underlying inbreeding depression in general and the often increased susceptibility to stress in particular are not well understood. We here test whether inbreeding interferes with the heat-shock response, comprising an important component of the stress response which may therefore underscore sensitivity to stress. To this end we subjected the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana to a full-factorial design with three temperatures and three levels of inbreeding, and measured the expression of heat-shock protein (HSP) 70 via qPCR. HSP70 expression increased after exposure to heat as compared with cold or control conditions. Most strikingly, inbreeding strongly interfered with the heat-shock response, with inbred individuals showing a very weak upregulation of HSP70 only. Our results thus indicate that, in our study organism, interference with the heat-shock response may be one mechanism underlying reduced fitness of inbred individuals, especially when exposed to stressful conditions. However, these indications need to be corroborated using a broader range of different temperatures, genes and taxa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inbreeding interferes with the heat-shock response

Franke

Fischer

2014

Heredity

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“…In fact, previous population- or line-specific analyses of Hsp70 expression levels in other invertebrates clearly demonstrated within and among population differences in Hsp70 levels [22]–[24]. However, the specific demographic parameters responsible for the correlation of population structure and Hsp70 levels are still poorly understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific Variation in Cellular and Biochemical Heat Response Strategies of Mediterranean Xeropicta derbentina [Pulmonata, Hygromiidae]

et al. 2014

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Dry and hot environments challenge the survival of terrestrial snails. To minimize overheating and desiccation, physiological and biochemical adaptations are of high importance for these animals. In the present study, seven populations of the Mediterranean land snail species Xeropicta derbentina were sampled from their natural habitat in order to investigate the intraspecific variation of cellular and biochemical mechanisms, which are assigned to contribute to heat resistance. Furthermore, we tested whether genetic parameters are correlated with these physiological heat stress response patterns. Specimens of each population were individually exposed to elevated temperatures (25 to 52°C) for 8 h in the laboratory. After exposure, the health condition of the snails' hepatopancreas was examined by means of qualitative description and semi-quantitative assessment of histopathological effects. In addition, the heat-shock protein 70 level (Hsp70) was determined. Generally, calcium cells of the hepatopancreas were more heat resistant than digestive cells - this phenomenon was associated with elevated Hsp70 levels at 40°C.We observed considerable variation in the snails' heat response strategy: Individuals from three populations invested much energy in producing a highly elevated Hsp70 level, whereas three other populations invested energy in moderate stress protein levels - both strategies were in association with cellular functionality. Furthermore, one population kept cellular condition stable despite a low Hsp70 level until 40°C exposure, whereas prominent cellular reactions were observed above this thermal limit. Genetic diversity (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene) within populations was low. Nevertheless, when using genetic indices as explanatory variables in a multivariate regression tree (MRT) analysis, population structure explained mean differences in cellular and biochemical heat stress responses, especially in the group exposed to 40°C. Our study showed that, even in similar habitats within a close range, populations of the same species use different stress response strategies that all rendered survival possible.

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“…First, there was no correlation between the level of inbreeding and the trait values for any of the three life-history traits considered in this study, while inbreeding is known to cause deleterious effects on several life-history parameters (DeRose and Roff 1999). Second, a previous study with these lines also showed no change in a stress resistance nor heat shock protein (Hsp70) induction (Bahrndorff et al 2010), traits usually associated with inbreeding depression (Kristensen et al 2002). The relative lack of inbreeding effects may be due to the slow rate of inbreeding, as minimal population size was never smaller than five individuals.…”

Section: Positive Effects Of Genotypic Richnessmentioning

confidence: 94%

Genotypic richness and phenotypic dissimilarity enhance population performance

Ellers¹,

Rog²,

Braam³

et al. 2011

Ecology

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Increases in biodiversity can result from an increase in species richness, as well as from a higher genetic diversity within species. Intraspecific genetic diversity, measured as the number of genotypes, can enhance plant primary productivity and have cascading effects at higher trophic levels, such as an increase in herbivore and predator richness. The positive effects of genotypic mixtures are not only determined by additive effects, but also by interactions among genotypes, such as facilitation or inhibition. However, so far there has been no effort to predict the extent of such effects. In this study, we address the question of whether the magnitude of the effect of genotype number on population performance can be explained by the extent of dissimilarity in key traits among genotypes in a mixture. We examine the relative contribution of genotype number and phenotypic dissimilarity among genotypes to population performance of the soil arthropod, Orchesella cincta. Nearly homogeneous genotypes were created from inbred isofemale lines. Phenotypic dissimilarity among genotypes was assessed in terms of three life-history traits that are associated with population growth rate, i.e., egg size, egg development time, and juvenile growth rate. A microcosm experiment with genotype mixtures consisting of one, two, four, and eight genotypes, showed that genotypic richness strongly increased population size and biomass production and was associated with greater net diversity effects. Most importantly, there was a positive log-linear relationship between phenotypic dissimilarity in a mixture and the net diversity effects for juvenile population size and total biomass. In other words, the degree of phenotypic dissimilarity among genotypes determined the magnitude of the genotypic richness effect, although this relationship leveled off at higher values of phenotypic dissimilarity. Although the exact mechanisms responsible for these effects are currently unknown, similar advantages of trait dissimilarity have been found among species. Hence, to better understand population performance, genotype number and phenotypic dissimilarity should be considered collectively.

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Genetic variation in heat resistance and HSP70 expression in inbred isofemale lines of the springtail Orchesella cincta

Cited by 23 publications

References 43 publications

Inbreeding interferes with the heat-shock response

Inbreeding interferes with the heat-shock response

Intraspecific Variation in Cellular and Biochemical Heat Response Strategies of Mediterranean Xeropicta derbentina [Pulmonata, Hygromiidae]

Genotypic richness and phenotypic dissimilarity enhance population performance

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