Genetic variation and performance of the alpine plant species Dianthus callizonus differ in two elevational zones of the Carpathians

Gabel, Anna-Rita; Sattler, J. D.; Reisch, Christoph

doi:10.1007/s00035-016-0177-3

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In the Schynige Platte alpine garden with more stressful conditions for growth, all taxa produced fewer reproductive shoots and seeds, but more vegetative shoots (Fig. 3), which fits with the expectation that at higher altitudes plants reproduce more vegetatively (Blionis and Vokou, 2002;Pluess and Stöcklin, 2005;Stöcklin et al, 2009;Gabel et al, 2017). Based on our data, we cannot distinguish, whether the reduced plant growth at 1976-m garden with colder temperature was an adaptively plastic response or a non-adaptive reaction to environmental stress, which limits growth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Genetic differentiation, phenotypic plasticity and adaptation in a hybridizing pair of a more common and a less common Carex species

et al. 2018

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Phenotypic variation may be genetically determined or reflect phenotypic plasticity. More common plants are expected to be less differentiated between and within regions and more adapted than less common ones. However, such differences might not develop in hybridizing species which cannot evolve completely independently. We collected 311 genets of Carex flava, 215 of C. viridula and 46 of their hybrid C. × subviridula from 42 natural populations in cold temperate Estonia, mild temperate Lowland Switzerland and alpine Highland Switzerland. Three plantlets from each genet were planted to three experimental gardens, one in each region. We measured survival, growth, reproduction and morphological traits. The experimental transplants showed strong plasticity and grew smallest in the alpine garden. The less common C. viridula was slightly more differentiated between regions of origin than the more common C. flava and the hybrid. However, this depended on the experimental garden. Significant originby-garden-by-taxon and taxon-by-garden interactions suggest differential adaptation among populations and taxa. Regional differed from non-regional plants in several traits indicating both adaptations and, especially for C. viridula, maladaptations to the home regions. For C. flava, plant seed production was higher when mean annual temperature and precipitation were more similar between population of origin and garden, suggesting local adaptation to climate. Hybrids were intermediate between parental taxa or more similar to one of them, which was retained across gardens. We conclude that plasticity, genetic variation and genotype-environment interactions all contributed to regional differentiation of the closely related species. Hybridization did not completely align evolutionary patterns, and the less common species showed slightly more genetic differentiation between populations and more maladapted traits than the more common one.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Genetic differentiation, phenotypic plasticity and adaptation in a hybridizing pair of a more common and a less common Carex species

et al. 2018

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“…The example of the parallel origin of ecotypes along an elevational gradient, although with the opposite direction of colonization than in our study, was recently documented for Heliosperma pusillum , where distinct isolated ecotypes occupying cave entrances in foothills originated from a widespread alpine lineage 36 . The impact of elevational difference on divergence between foothill (montane) and alpine populations has been documented in Dianthus callizonus 37 , Primula merrilliana 23 , and Solidago virgaurea 38 . The parallel origin of ecotypes has been also documented previously with genetic data in different environments such as sand dune vs. non-dune in Helianthus petiolaris 39 , sand dune vs. rock in Senecio lautus 40 , serpentine vs. non-serpentine soils in Solidago virgaurea 41 , wave vs. crab predation in the mollusc Littorina saxatilis 42 , and freshwater vs. saltwater in the fish Gasterosteus aculeatus 34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel colonization of subalpine habitats in the central European mountains by Primula elatior

Konečná

Nowak

Kolář

2019

Sci Rep

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The island-like distribution of subalpine habitats across mountain ranges can trigger the parallel evolution of locally adapted ecotypes. Such naturally replicated scenarios allow testing hypotheses on how elevational differentiation structures genetic diversity within species. Nevertheless, the parallel colonization of subalpine habitats across different mountain ranges has only rarely been documented with molecular data. We chose Primula elatior (Primulaceae), naturally spanning entire elevation range in multiple mountain regions of central Europe, to test for the origin of its scattered subalpine populations. Nuclear microsatellite variation revealed three genetic groups corresponding with the distinct study regions. We found that genetic differentiation between foothill and subalpine populations within each region was relatively low, suggesting that the colonization of subalpine habitats occurred independently within each mountain range. Furthermore, the strongest differentiation was usually found between the subalpine populations suggesting that mountain ridges may act as migration barriers that can reduce gene flow more strongly than elevational differences between foothill and subalpine populations. Finally, we found that subalpine colonization did not result in a loss of genetic diversity relative to foothill populations in agreement with the high migration rates that we document here between the subalpine and the foothill populations. In summary, our study shows subalpine Primula elatior populations are genetically diverse and distinct results of parallel colonization events from multiple foothill gene pools.

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“…The positive relationship between both parameters is beyond doubt (Leimu et al., 2006). It can, however, be supposed that habitat availability and therefore population size decrease with increasing altitude (Gabel et al., 2017; Körner, 2004). Consequently, genetic diversity should be lower within populations from the alpine zone compared to populations from lower altitudes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the recent two decades, a great progress has been made in understanding drivers of the genetic variation in alpine plants, often in the context of phylogeography or population biology (Gabel et al., 2017; Hirao & Kudo, 2004; Schönswetter & Tribsch, 2005). Specifically, it has been suggested that levels of genetic differentiation increase with increasing altitude (Till‐Bottraud & Gaudeul, 2002) and a few studies have already provided evidence for this assumption (DeChaine & Martin, 2005; Hahn et al., 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of genetic variation in European plant species depend on altitude

Reisch

Rosbakh

2020

Diversity and Distributions

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Genetic variation and performance of the alpine plant species Dianthus callizonus differ in two elevational zones of the Carpathians

Cited by 12 publications

References 53 publications

Genetic differentiation, phenotypic plasticity and adaptation in a hybridizing pair of a more common and a less common Carex species

Genetic differentiation, phenotypic plasticity and adaptation in a hybridizing pair of a more common and a less common Carex species

Parallel colonization of subalpine habitats in the central European mountains by Primula elatior

Patterns of genetic variation in European plant species depend on altitude

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