Genetic Variation Analysis in Wild and Cultured Subpopulations of Small Abalone Haliotis diversicolor Estimated by Microsatellite Markers

Abstract

The small abalone Haliotis diversicolor is an economically important shellfish species in southern China. Wild (Japanese, Guangdong, and Hainan) and cultured (Taiwanese and Vietnamese) subpopulations of small abalone were examined using seven microsatellite loci to assess the levels of genetic diversity and the degree of genetic differentiation among them. These seven microsatellite markers showed a high level of polymorphism. A total of 209 alleles were detected, with an average of 29.86 alleles per locus among the five subpopulations. The average observed heterozygosities per locus ranged from 0.733 in the Japanese subpopulation to 0.804 in the Hainan subpopulation, while the average expected heterozygosities per locus ranged from 0.909 in the Vietnamese subpopulation to 0.940 in the Guangdong subpopulation. Values for the differentiation index D est varied from 0.1071 to 0.4020 among different subpopulations. The values for genetic distance (D A) ranged from 0.244 to 0.409, with an average of 0.294. Both D est and D A showed that the largest distance was between the Japanese and Vietnamese subpopulations. Principal coordinate analysis was performed for all subpopulations and loci using genetic distance to summarize genetic relationships. The analysis indicated a grouping of the three wild subpopulations (Japanese, Guangdong, and Hainan). The Vietnamese subpopulation was plotted separately from others. The information on the genetic variation and differentiation in the wild and cultured subpopulations obtained in this study is useful for the development of guidelines for genetic breeding programs for small abalone.

Broad-scale genetic patterns of New Zealand abalone, Haliotis iris, across a distribution spanning 13° latitude and major oceanic water masses

“…The number of alleles per locus ranged from 10 to 37, a finding consistent with other abalone species where 10 alleles, or more, were reported per locus (Miller et al 2001;Conod et al 2002;Evans et al 2004;Tang et al 2004;Gutiérrez-Gonzalez et al 2007;Gruenthal et al 2007;Gruenthal and Burton 2008;You et al 2011). High levels of genetic diversity in abalone are further supported with the identification of a high polymorphism rate (1.37 %, n = 39) in the red abalone transcriptome (De Wit and Palumbi 2013).…”

“…Observed heterozygosities were also quite high. Pāua samples had H o consistently [0.73, which was most similar to species like H. rubra (Conod et al 2002), H. kamtschatkana (Withler et al 2003) and H. diversicolor (You et al 2011). Large levels of genetic diversity would be consistent with large population sizes, high mutation rates, ancient origins and/ or variable recruitment.…”

Protein changes in abalone foot muscle from three geographical populations of Haliotis diversicolor based on proteomic approach

“…Three geographically isolated H. diversicolor populations were used in this study. Small abalones were collected from one wild and two hatchery populations (our team research papers You et al 2011). The Japanese wild population (JJ) was collected from Izu Island, Tokyo.…”

“…The Taiwanese cultured population (TT), which was originally introduced from Taiwan to mainland China in 1992, and parents of these cultured samples have been propagated in hatcheries over several generations in Fujian Province. The Vietnamese cultured population (VV), which was firstly introduced from Hai phong into China in 2005 and then offspring from the F 2 generation were used in the experiment (You et al 2005(You et al , 2011.…”

Identification of a microsatellite marker that is completely linked to shell colour in small abalone,Haliotis diversicolor

“…Microsatellite markers are codominant, highly polymorphic, abundant and randomly distributed in the genome. Therefore, microsatellite markers have been extensively applied to marine organisms (Zhan, Hu, Ke, Hu, Wang & Chen 2009;You, Zhan, Wang, Li, Luo & Ke 2011;Zhan, Fan, You, Yu & Ke 2012). In addition, several microsatellite markers in small abalone have been reported.…”