Genetic variation among asexual progeny of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> detected with RAPD and AFLP markers

Samen, F. M. Abu-El; Secor, Gary A.; Gudmestad, Neil C.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00858.x

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Evidence of mitotic recombination in Phytophthora species has been previously reported (Sansome 1980, Goodwin, Cohen & Fry 1994, Abu-El Samen, Secor & Gudmestad 2003, Dobrowolski et al 2003 and could explain the slight variations observed in our AFLP profiles within each population. P. ramorum is known to rapidly reproduce asexually through the formation of large numbers of sporangia, which either germinate directly or differentiate into motile zoospores.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…In addition, a recent study detected differences in sporangial morphology between isolates from the USA and Europe (D. Hu¨berli & M.G., unpubl.). The lack of correlation among phenotypic and genotypic variation has been demonstrated in other Phytophthora species (Dudzinski, Old & Gibbs 1993, Abu-El Samen, Secor & Gudmestad 2003. Phenotypic variation within a molecular clone was also reported for P. cinnamomi in Western Australia (Hu¨berli et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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AFLP and phylogenetic analyses of North American and European populations of Phytophthora ramorum

Ivors

Hayden

Bonants³

et al. 2004

Mycological Research

142

127

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The genetic structure within and between USA and European populations of the emerging phytopathogen Phytophthora ramorum was examined. Four primer combinations were used for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting of 67 USA isolates from California and Oregon, and 18 European isolates from Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and the UK. In addition, three DNA regions (ITS, cox II, and nad 5) of additional Phytophthora species were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and analysed to provide better phylogenetic understanding of P. ramorum within the genus Phytophthora. AFLP banding patterns indicate that the 85 isolates form two distinct lineages within a monophyletic group, distinct from the closely related outgroup species P. lateralis. With the exception of two isolates from an Oregon nursery, European and USA isolates clustered separately within individual clades. The AFLP profiles also indicate that a single clonal lineage dominates the North American population, while the European population consists of an array of mainly unique, closely related AFLP types. Sequences from the three DNA regions were identical among all P. ramorum isolates, and phylogenetic analysis indicates that P. ramorum is closely related to P. lateralis and P. hibernalis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

AFLP and phylogenetic analyses of North American and European populations of Phytophthora ramorum

Ivors

Hayden

Bonants³

et al. 2004

Mycological Research

142

127

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“…From 53 progenies, 52 isolates had lower pathogenicities compared to their parents. Abu-El Samen et al (2003) found a genotypic variability among the asexual progenies of P. infestans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Formation and Pathogenicity Variation of Oospores of Phytophthora capsici Infecting Black Pepper

Manohara

2007

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Phytophthora capsici Leonian is the causal agent of foot rot disease of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Foot rot disease is the most destructive disease which can cause significant economic losses of black pepper. Two mating types of P. capsici were found in black pepper plantations in Lampung. This research was aimed at examining the effects of temperature, light, and polycarbonate membrane on oospore formation. Also the effect of light on germination and determining both mating types of 30 randomly selected progenies. The results showed that oospores were produced through either hyphal contact or without any contact. Oospores were produced abundantly on V8 agar in the dark at 16-24 o C. Oospores germinated after 3-weeks incubation in the dark followed by 1-week incubation under TL fluorescent light. All progeny were heterothallic, and consisted of 16 isolates of A1 mating type and 14 isolates of A2 mating type. There was no correlation between mating type categories and their pathogenicities on black pepper leaves. Twenty-six progeny isolates may infect unwounded pepper leaves, whereas another four isolates may only infect wounded pepper leaves. Pathogenicities of all progenies were lower than those of their parents.Key words: Phytophthora capsici, oospore, black pepper, Lampung _____________________________________________ Phytophthora capsici is a pathogenic causal agent of foot rot disease on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). The attack of P. capsici on the root and collar region causes sudden plant death. Foot rot disease on black pepper was found for the first time in Lampung in 1885 (Muller 1936). At present this disease has spread to all black pepper plantations in Indonesia and is the main constraint in black pepper production.P. capsici is a heterothallic fungus. Sexual reproduction can occur when there are two compatible mating types (A1 and A2) for oospore formation. Two mating types of P. capsici from black pepper plants were reported to have been found in Lampung (Manohara and Sato 1992). Ko (1980) used polycarbonate membrane to prove that oospore formation of P. cinnamomi, P. parasitica, and P. palmivora could take place without contact hyphal of the two compatible mating types.The formation of oospores of Phytophthora is affected by several environmental factors such as temperature and light. Harnish (1965) andBrasier (1969) stated that light inhibited the formation of oospores but stimulated sporangia formation. Optimum temperature for the formation of oospores of Phytophthora differed, depending on the species.Oospore germination is affected by light, oospore maturity (age), temperature, enzyme treatment and chemical treatment (Ribeiro 1983). In general, the quantity of germinating oospores will increase in line with the increase of an oospore's age. According to Hord and Ristaino (1991), the germination rate of oospores of P. capsici originating from chili pepper plants improved by 3% at the age of 14 days, and became 20% at the age of 60 days. The light and temperature requirement during the o...

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“…Berbagai metode analisis telah digunakan untuk mempelajari keragaman populasi Phytophthora spp., di antaranya adalah Restriction Fagment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) (Goodwin et al, 1992), analisis sekuen (Schena et al, 2006), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (Kroon et al, 2004;Bilodeau et al, 2007), Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (Cooke et al, 1996;Abu-El Samen et al, 2003), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) (Ivors et al, 2004;Bowers et al, 2007), microsatellites (Dobrowolski et al, 2003;Lees et al, 2006), dan mitochondrial haplotypes (Gavino & Fry, 2002;Martin, 2008). Analisis keragaman genetik P. palmivora memerlukan penanda genetik yang handal dan informatif.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Analisis keragaman genetik Phytophthora palmivora dari tanaman kakao di Indonesia menggunakan AFLP Genetic diversity analysis of Phytophthora palmivora from cocoa in Indonesia using AFLP

PURWANTARA¹,

UMAYAH²

2016

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Phytophthora palmivora is the causal agent of pod rot, stem canker, seedling and leaf blight and cherelle wilt of cacao (Theobroma cacao) in Indonesia. The genetic structure of the pathogen population across the country is unknown. In this study, a population of 20 cultures of P. palmivora isolated from cocoa at six major cocoa producing provinces namely Sumatera Utara, Lampung, Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur, Sulawesi Selatan and Sulawesi Tenggara in Indonesia was evaluated for genotypic diversity using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP). Ten primer combinations were used to evaluate all isolates, 68 out of 347 AFLP markers (19.6 %) produced were polymorphic. Results of the AFLP analyses showed that the P. palmivora population in Indonesia possessed high degree of similarity (96 %). AFLP banding patterns indicated that the isolates form two distinct groups, but with no genetic differentiation based on geography, types of cocoa or the part of the tree from which the isolates were obtained. These data suggest that frequent outbreaks of Phytophthora pod rot in various growing regions is probably resulted from changing of local climatic condition which is condusive for the disease epidemic rather than from different genetic structure or pathogenic populations of this pathogen, which would affect recommendations for disease management.Abstrak Phytophthora palmivora adalah penyebab penyakit busuk buah, kanker batang, hawar bibit dan daun, dan layu pentil pada tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao) di Indonesia. Struktur genetik dari populasi patogen di seluruh negeri belum diketahui. Pada kajian ini, 20 kultur P. palmivora yang diisolasi dari berbagai bagian tanaman kakao dari enam provinsi penghasil kakao di Indonesia, yaitu Sumatera Utara, Lampung, Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur, Sulawesi Selatan dan Sulawesi Tenggara diuji keragaman genetiknya mengguna-kan amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP). Sepuluh kombinasi primer digunakan untuk menguji semua isolat, 68 di antara 347 penanda AFLP (19,6 %) yang dihasilkan adalah polimorfik. Hasil analisis AFLP menun-jukkan bahwa populasi P. palmivora di Indonesia mempunyai tingkat kekerabatan yang tinggi (96 %). Pola pita AFLP menunjukkan bahwa kedua puluh isolat membentuk dua kelompok, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan berdasar letak geografis, tipe kakao atau bagian tanaman kakao asal isolat diperoleh. Data ini menunjukkan bahwa ledakan penyakit busuk buah Phytophthora yang sering terjadi di berbagai daerah diduga lebih diakibatkan oleh perubahan kondisi iklim setempat yang memicu terjadinya epidemi daripada karena perbedaan genetik atau patogenisitas dari populasi patogen, sehingga hasil ini dapat melengkapi saran-saran dalam pengelolaan penyakit.

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Genetic variation among asexual progeny of Phytophthora infestans detected with RAPD and AFLP markers

Cited by 44 publications

References 30 publications

AFLP and phylogenetic analyses of North American and European populations of Phytophthora ramorum

AFLP and phylogenetic analyses of North American and European populations of Phytophthora ramorum

Formation and Pathogenicity Variation of Oospores of Phytophthora capsici Infecting Black Pepper

Analisis keragaman genetik Phytophthora palmivora dari tanaman kakao di Indonesia menggunakan AFLP Genetic diversity analysis of Phytophthora palmivora from cocoa in Indonesia using AFLP

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