Genetic variants in IL4RA, IL6, and IL12B genes and susceptibility to hepatitis B and C virus infections among Iraqi patients

Al-Saffar, Osama B.; Ad’hiah, Ali H.

doi:10.1002/jmv.26297

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Although the frequency of the IL6-174G/C polymorphism was not identified as associated with HBV infection, or with variations in IL-6 levels and viral load in the present study, the homozygous polymorphic (CC) genotype was associated with reduced risk for the development of HBV infection, while the GG genotype was associated with increased risk among Iraqi patients [ 38 ]. The meta-analysis study performed by Wang et al (2019) showed that the GC genotype represented a risk for hepatitis C. In contrast, in hepatitis B, both the GG genotype and the association of the GG + GC genotype were identified with the risk for the development of the disease [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The IL6-174G/C Polymorphism Associated with High Levels of IL-6 Contributes to HCV Infection, but Is Not Related to HBV Infection, in the Amazon Region of Brazil

Queiroz

Santiago

Moura

et al. 2022

Viruses

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The dysregulation of cytokine production can lead to an inefficient immune response, promoting viral persistence that induces the progression of chronic viral hepatitis. The study investigated the association of the IL6-174G/C polymorphism with changes in cytokine levels and its influence on the persistence and progression of chronic hepatitis caused by HBV and HCV in 72 patients with chronic hepatitis B (HBV), 100 patients with hepatitis C (HCV), and a control group of 300 individuals. The genotyping of the IL6-174G/C polymorphism was performed by real-time PCR, and cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HCV patients with the wild-type genotype (GG) had a higher viral load (p = 0.0230). The plasma levels of IL-6 were higher among patients infected with HBV and HCV than among the control group (p < 0.0001). Patients with HCV were associated with increased inflammatory activity (A2–A3; p < 0.0001). In hepatitis C, carriers of the GG genotype had higher levels of IL-6 (p = 0.0286), which were associated with A2–A3 inflammatory activity (p = 0.0097). Patients with A2–A3 inflammatory activity and GG genotype had higher levels of IL-6 than those with the GC/CC genotype (p = 0.0127). In conclusion, the wild-type genotype for the IL6 -174G/C polymorphism was associated with high levels of IL-6 and HCV viral load and inflammatory activity, suggesting that this genotype may be a contributing factor to virus-induced chronic infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The IL6-174G/C Polymorphism Associated with High Levels of IL-6 Contributes to HCV Infection, but Is Not Related to HBV Infection, in the Amazon Region of Brazil

Queiroz

Santiago

Moura

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…The G allele may serve as a risk factor for elevated serum IL-6 levels and progression to macrophagic activation syndrome [ 29 ]. An investigation conducted in Iraq supports the concept that the IL-6 − 597 A > G variant is associated with susceptibility to HBV and HCV infections [ 30 ]. However, a Chinese study found no association between HBV resistance and the − 174G > C and − 597 A > G variants [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Interleukin-6 gene variants may protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the severity of COVID-19: a case-control study in a Moroccan population

Noureddine,

Baba,

Aqillouch

et al. 2024

BMC Med Genomics

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The symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection vary widely, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe forms marked by acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ damage, and fatalities. Studies indicate a correlation between specific genes and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity, particularly involving variants in genes linked to inflammation and immune responses. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between rs1800795 (− 174 G > C) and rs1800797 (− 597 A > G) variants in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter region and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, we aim to explore their correlation with COVID-19 severity in a Moroccan population. In this case-control study, we enrolled 270 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients, consisting of 132 with severe COVID-19 and 138 with asymptomatic-moderate COVID-19. Additionally, we included 339 SARS-CoV-2-negative group. Genotyping of rs1800795 and rs1800797 polymorphisms of the IL-6 gene was performed using predesigned TaqMan SNP genotyping. The median age of SARS-CoV-2-negative controls was 50 years, while severe COVID-19 cases exhibited a median age of 61 years. Additionally, individuals with asymptomatic to moderate COVID-19 had a median age of 36 years. We observed a significant age difference between severe and mild COVID-19 patients (p < 0.0001), and an association was noted between gender and the severity of COVID-19 (p = 0.011). The allele and genotype frequencies of the IL-6 − 597G > A and − 174G > C variants did not show significant associations with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection (p > 0.05). However, further analysis revealed that the linkage disequilibrium between rs1800797 and rs1800795 indicated that individuals with the GC* haplotype (OR = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.30, p = 0.001) and AG* haplotype (OR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.03–0.46, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, in the overdominant model, the IL-6 − 174 G/C genotype was found to be protective against the development of severe disease compared to those with the G/G-C/C genotypes (p = 0.03; OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.18–0.96). However, correlations between complete blood count markers, hematological markers, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, and ferritin levels according to − 597 A > G and − 174G > C genotypes showed no significant differences (all p > 0.05). Our findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of COVID-19, suggesting that genetic variations at the IL-6 gene may contribute to the susceptibility to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection within the Moroccan population.

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“…Only nine studies reported the role of IL‐12B polymorphism in patients infected with HBV 28–36 29 but this is the first study concerning the association between CHB Tunisian patients and IL‐12B 3′‐UTR 1188 AC polymorphism from different cities of Tunisia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The discrepancy between this study and the study of Ben Selma and colleagues is that recruited patients and controls of his study may not be representative of the general population. Also, studies conducted in Chinese, 31,35 Iraq, 28 Korean, 33 and Saudian 18 populations found that the CC and AC genotypes of IL‐12B were significantly associated with HBV. The discrepancies between our study and studies conducted in other regions of the world might reflect differences in disease etiology, the underlying molecular mechanisms and/or environmental exposures in different populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Strong association of functional polymorphism in IL‐12B with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B in Tunisia

Dhifallah

Ayouni

Jmel

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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Background The chronicity or clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection depends on viral and genetic variables. The immune response against HBV is thought to be responsible for viral persistence or clearance. Cytokines such as interleukin 1‐2B (IL1‐2B) involved in the T‐helper 1 system are key mediators in the defence mechanisms against viral infection and play a role in the regulation of HBV clearance during infection. We aimed to examine whether the polymorphic variant TaqI polymorphism in the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR; rs3212227) suspected to modulate interleukin‐levels of IL‐12B has an influence on the risk of development of chronicity after HBV exposure. Methods Genotyping was performed by the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method for 236 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 240 controls from different cities of Tunisia recruited in the Pasteur Institute of Tunisia between January 2017 and December 2018. Results We found that the IL‐12B polymorphism was associated with a significantly increased risk of CHB in patients (p = 1 × 10−3; χ 2 = 10.31 and odds ratio [OR] = 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30–3.52) when AC/CC variant genotypes were compared with the wild‐type AA homozygote. Statistical significance was found when CHB‐males were compared with CHB‐females (p = 2 × 10−7; χ 2 = 26.62 and p = 1 × 10−3; χ 2 = 10.36, for genotypic and allelic frequencies, respectively). Also, CHB‐patients carrying C‐allele less than 50‐years were at an increased risk of developing chronic HBV infection than patients more than 50‐years (p = 6.1 × 10−5; χ 2 = 16.07). Conclusions These results suggest that the C‐allele would affect susceptibility to chronicity after HBV exposure in Tunisian patients especially for males less than 50‐years. Age and sex have an influence on this polymorphism in CHB Tunisian patients.

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Genetic variants in IL4RA, IL6, and IL12B genes and susceptibility to hepatitis B and C virus infections among Iraqi patients

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

The IL6-174G/C Polymorphism Associated with High Levels of IL-6 Contributes to HCV Infection, but Is Not Related to HBV Infection, in the Amazon Region of Brazil

The IL6-174G/C Polymorphism Associated with High Levels of IL-6 Contributes to HCV Infection, but Is Not Related to HBV Infection, in the Amazon Region of Brazil

The Interleukin-6 gene variants may protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the severity of COVID-19: a case-control study in a Moroccan population

Strong association of functional polymorphism in IL‐12B with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B in Tunisia

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