Genetic Variants Associated With Alzheimer Disease in the 22 Arab Countries

Abstract

Background and Aims: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive and complex neurodegenerative disease. Approximately 70% of AD risk is attributed to genetic risk factors, including variants in amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) genes. Several studies have revealed a considerable number of candidate loci and genes for AD among different ethnic populations. However, the outcomes of these studies have been inconsistent. In this study, we aimed to investigate the spectrum of variants that are associated with the onset and development of AD among 22 Arab countries. Methodology: We systematically searched 4 literature databases (Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science) from the date of inception until July 2020 using various search terms to obtain all the reported genetic data on Arab AD cases. Results: In total, 18 studies were included, comprising a total of 2173 individuals, of whom 888 were clinically diagnosed AD patients and were genetically tested for genes and variants associated with AD. A total of 27 variants in 8 genes were found to be associated with AD. Of these variants, 17 were unique to the Arab population and 10 were shared with other ethnic groups. Conclusions: There is a dearth of studies on the genetics of AD in the Arab world. There seems to be distinctive genetic and clinical susceptibility profiles for Arab patients with AD.

Nutritional and lifestyle management of the aging journey: A narrative review

“…Equally, numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with bone mineral density, osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures ( 153 ). Finally, cognitive decline has been the focus of recent investigations identifying genetic variations associated with Alzheimer’s disease ( 154 , 155 ). Considering the role that genes play in determining longevity and their association with the risk of age-related disease, it is safe to say that genetics contribute significantly to determining both lifespan and health span.…”

Bioinformatics investigation on blood-based gene expressions of Alzheimer's disease revealed ORAI2 gene biomarker susceptibility: An explainable artificial intelligence-based approach

“…Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes brain atrophy and eventually destroys brain cells (Al-Thani et al 2021 ). The progression of AD involves cognitive impairments such as memory loss, delusion, disorientation, and confusion.…”

Exome sequence analysis of rare frequency variants in Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease

“…The genetic diversity existing among different ethnic groups may have an effect on genetic factors in the pathogenesis of AD. AD genetic and clinical sucecptibility profile seems to be different with different ethnic groups ( Al-Thani et al 2021 ). Most of the genetic studies on AD were based on European cohorts, implying the absence of ethnic diversity data in genetic research.…”