Genetic variants as risk factors for cigarette smoking at an early age and relapse to smoking cessation treatment: A pilot study

Basagiannis

et al. 2020

IJERPH

Nicotine dependence is one of the main reasons for the continuation of smoking among adolescents. Loss of autonomy (LOA) is a measure of dependence. This study is the first to investigate LOA and its determinants among Greek adolescents. In 2013, 13-to-15-year-old middle-school students were selected by multi-stage clustered sampling. LOA was evaluated with the Hooked-on-Nicotine Checklist (HONC). Multiple univariate analysis was used to assess the association between adolescent demographics, smoking habits, and loss of autonomy. Three-hundred thirty-nine current smokers responded to the questionnaire (response rate: 82.3%). Of these respondents, 51.2% were male and 88.8% reported at least one LOA symptom. The mean HONC score was 4.13/10 (95% CI: 3.82–4.45). Higher scores were negatively associated with lower smoking frequency (cumulative odds ratio (cOR): 0.240, 95% CI: 0.144–0.400) and positively associated with lower age at first cigarette (cOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.38–3.82). Female gender was significantly associated with the prevalence but not the degree of LOA. Overall, the prevalence and the degree of nicotine dependence among adolescent smokers in Greece is similar to other countries. Frequent smoking and initiation of smoking at a younger age are linked to nicotine dependence, although it was not possible to make causal inferences. The relationship between nicotine dependence and gender remains unclear.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine Dependence and Loss of Autonomy among Greek Adolescent Smokers: A Countrywide Cross-Sectional Study

Basagiannis

et al. 2020

IJERPH

“…It is of great importance to evaluate whether reversibility in methylation levels is observed in Latin American populations after an intervention to stop smoking and at three months, and to expand the studies to demonstrate that the cg05575921 can be a biomarker of smoker status. Some studies have found negative correlations among cigarette consumption [7], leading us to believe that HS have lower methylation levels for cg05575921. Previous reports have concluded that this is a limitation, as intermittent smoking in light smokers is a frequent phenomenon, impairing these methods' reliability for detection [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tobacco smoking results in a complex and multifactorial disease involving environmental and genetic factors. Studies in families and twins have shown that genetic factors contribute to the risk of smoking initiation, smoking persistence, nicotine dependence [5,6], smoking at a younger age [7,8], and others; previous reports mention that exposure to cigarette smoke has an important epigenomic link to changes in the genome [9,10]. These epigenetic mechanisms are highly dynamic and could contribute to chronic lung disease [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypomethylation of AHRR (cg05575921) Is Related to Smoking Status in the Mexican Mestizo Population

Bravo-Gutiérrez

Falfán-Valencia

Ramírez‐Venegas

et al. 2021

Genes

Self Cite

Tobacco smoking results in a multifactorial disease involving environmental and genetic factors; epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) show changes in DNA methylation levels due to cigarette consumption, partially reversible upon tobacco smoking cessation. Therefore, methylation levels could predict smoking status. This study aimed to evaluate the DNA methylation level of cg05575921 (AHRR) and cg23771366 (PRSS23) and their correlation with lung function variables, cigarette consumption, and nicotine addiction in the Mexican smoking population. We included 114 non-smokers (NS) and 102 current tobacco smokers (TS); we then further subclassified them as heavy smokers (HS) (n = 53) and light smokers (LS) (n = 49). We used restriction enzymes (MspI/HpaII) and qPCR to determine the DNA methylation level. We observed significant hypomethylation of cg05575921 in smokers compared to NS (p = 0.003); further analysis found a difference between HS and NS (p = 0.02). We did not observe differences between other groups or a positive correlation between methylation levels and age, BMI, cigarette consumption, nicotine addiction, or lung function. In conclusion, the cg05575921 site of AHRR is significantly hypomethylated in Mexican smokers, especially in HS (≥20 cigarettes per day).

Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics

“…Nicotine dependence and smoking cessation are influenced by genetic factors [14,15,22,23]. The study of Pérez-Rubio et al [24] demonstrated that rs6313 in HTR2A increased the risk for the early onset of smoking. Nicotine dependence is strongly associated with the decreased rate of initial abstinence and the high risk of transition from lapse to relapse [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk and smoking cessation changes induced by CHRNA5-A3 and CHRNB3-A6 variation in a Chinese male population

Zhao

Zou

Bf³

et al. 2019

Most studies in the field of CHRNA5-A3 and CHRNB3-A6 have only focused on lung cancer risk; however, the associations with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk and smoking cessation is less understood, particularly in the Chinese male population. In this study, samples from 823 male patients with COPD (non smokers: 416; still smoking: 407) and 435 smoking male healthy control subjects were performed with DNA extraction and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. We studied three SNPS in two genes, namely rs667282 and rs3743073 in CHRNA5-A3 and rs4950 in CHRNB3-A6, and their distributions in the three groups are not statistically different (p >0.05). We grouped COPD patients according to whether they had successfully quit smoking, the CT genotype of rs667282 demonstrated association with an increased rate of successful smoking cessation compared with the TT genotype [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.37-0.7, p <0.001); rs4950 AG genotypes were distinctly associated with increased rates of successful smoking cessation (adjusted OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.40-0.76, p <0.001). The effect is significant under the assumption of an over dominant mode of inheritance (adjusted OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.43 to 0.79, p <0.001). No significant difference in rs3743073 was found (p >0.05). Our findings confirmed the hypothesis that CHRNA5-A3 and CHRNB3-A6 variation are not associated with the risk of COPD. We found CHRNA5-A3 and CHRNB3-A6 were significantly associated with successful smoking cessation in smoking COPD patients.