Genetic variability of the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis assessed using two-dimensional electrophoresis

Abstract

Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) has been used to measure the degree of genetic variability of the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Genetic polymorphisms were detected in 33 of a total of 86 polypeptides scored among the most abundant proteins from foot samples in 38 individuals. Estimates of average heterozygosity were 0.10170.018 and 0.11470.021 in a natural and a cultured population, respectively, from the NW of the Iberian Peninsula. These are the highest estimates of average heterozygosity reported by 2-DE in an animal species to date. We consider that these data throw open the question of the level of genetic variability detectable by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Multilocus genotype data were used to infer haplotypic frequencies by means of the EM algorithm in order to detect linkage disequilibrium between loci coding abundant proteins. Significant associations were found in 22.7% of the 406 two-locus pairs analysed. Also, clusters of loci in which all pairwise combinations exhibit statistically significant associations were detected and physical linkage between some of these loci is postulated from the linkage disequilibrium data.

Protein changes in abalone foot muscle from three geographical populations of Haliotis diversicolor based on proteomic approach

“…To compare protein expression among the three populations, 508 spots were chosen from gels, with selected spots being similar to previous experiments (Mosquera et al. 2003). A fully factorial ANOVA (type III sums of squares) was carried out according to previous recommendations using “spot” and “genotype” factors (Jin et al.…”

Review of recent proteomic applications in aquatic toxicology

“…Of those published, many have focused on bivalve species, such as marine mussels of the genus Mytilus (M. edulis, M. galloprovincialis, M. trossulus) that reside off the European coast. Most of the studies published have utilized proteomic analysis to examine taxonomic differences [42][43][44][45][46][47], heritability [48], and evolution of the nacre [49]. One of the first environmental toxicology proteomic studies with aquatic invertebrates was conducted on Mytilus.…”

Population proteomics: An emerging discipline to study metapopulation ecology

“…For instance, one recent review paper shows how proteomics can potentially provide highly valuable information in phylogenetic analyses, permitting the detection and characterization of specific proteins that have evolutionary value in terms of defining mono-, para-and polyphyly [1]. Similarly, some studies have demonstrated how proteomics can be used to investigate natural variations within species populations [2][3][4][5][6][7].Because of its pivotal role in ecological and evolutionary thinking, adaptation has been extensively studied by all biologists engaged in this area over recorded historical time, indeed from Aristotle onwards. An important aspect of recent theoretical and experimental studies on adaptive processes is the recognition that these phenomena have to be examined in the context of metapopulation structure [8].…”

“…For instance, one recent review paper shows how proteomics can potentially provide highly valuable information in phylogenetic analyses, permitting the detection and characterization of specific proteins that have evolutionary value in terms of defining mono-, para-and polyphyly [1]. Similarly, some studies have demonstrated how proteomics can be used to investigate natural variations within species populations [2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…Some authors have also referred to 2-DE as an important source of genetic markers [7,10,11]. These markers can be quite useful in studies of population genetics, since, as mentioned elsewhere [5][6][7]11], the protein spots so resolved are useful monogenic and co-dominant markers that are probably not strongly affected by natural selection. Moreover, 2-DE is a high resolution technique able to separate thousands of genetic products (protein spots) on a single gel and detect isomorphs, polymorphisms and changes such as PTMs (i.e., phosphorylation, glycosylation, acetylation and methylation) induced for instance, by precise ecological situations experienced by individuals [2,4,6,7,[9][10][11].…”