Genetic Variability of the Invasive SpeciesMetcalfa pruinosa(Hemiptera: Flatidae) in the Republic of Korea

Abstract

Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830) (Hemiptera: Flatidae) has caused substantial agricultural damage since its recent introduction to the Republic of Korea; however, the source of this introduction is still unclear. To examine the genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships among several populations of M. pruinosa from Korea and foreign countries, 251 COI sequences from 251 samples collected from Korea, France, Italy, Spain, Slovenia, and the United States were newly analyzed, together with seven published COI sequences from Canada. In total, 19 haplotypes were detected from the 258 COI sequences, and three haplotypes, H1, H3, and H9, were detected from samples in Korea. The MJ network and Bayesian inference revealed that the three haplotypes of Korea were closely connected with samples of Italy, Spain, Slovenia, France, and the United States. Our study revealed the possibility of multiple invasions of M. pruinosa from Europe and/or North America into Korea.

Entomological signatures in honey: an environmental DNA metabarcoding approach can disclose information on plant-sucking insects in agricultural and forest landscapes

“…A mitotype already reported in GenBank/EMBL by four different entries (Hap6; corresponding to haplotypes H1 or H2 of Park et al . 32 ) was the most frequent in all our honeys (from about 84% to 90% of reads). Another mitotype (not yet described by previous studies, according to publicly available sequences) was identified only in the Corsican honey that accounted 8.5% of total M .…”

“…Reads matching the most frequent database mitotype (Hap1, reported in 119 entries and corresponding to H3, H8, H9, H15, H16, H18 or H19 of Park et al . 32 ) were obtained in all honeys, except in the silver fir honeydew honey produced in Emilia Romagna. However, this mitochondrial haplotype (Hap1; Table 3 and Figure 2 ) was not the most frequent in all our samples (ranging from 6% to 15% of total M .…”

“…pruinosa sequences were retrieved from these public repositories (Table 3 and Figure 2 and Supplementary Table S3 ). Most of these sequences were from a single study and were mostly collected in the Republic of Korea, but also from the United States, France, Italy, Spain and Slovenia 32 . In this study, Park et al .…”

“…In this study, Park et al . 32 sequenced a larger COI gene region (470 bp; including the fragment targeted in this study) and reported the presence of 19 different mitotypes (H1-H19) based on the identified informative positions. However, considering only the shorter region used in this study, we could differentiate a total of 11 mitotypes.…”

“…The correspondence between these mitotypes and those identified by Park et al . 32 is reported in Supplementary Table S3 .…”