Genetic variability of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in Russia and Central Asia

Yashina, L. N.; Id, Petrova; Seregin, S. V.; Vyshemirskii, Oleg I.; Lvov, D. K.; Аристова, В. А.; Kuhn, Jens H.; Morzunov, Sergey P.; Гуторов, В. В.; Kuzina, Irina; Tyunnikov, Georgii; Нетесов, С. В.; Petrov, Vladimir

doi:10.1099/vir.0.18805-0

Cited by 75 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…As discussed above, phylogenetic analysis has revealed the existence of some 6 or 7 discrete CCHFV lineages or clades; the labels assigned to these clades by various investigators are listed in Table 7 (Anagnostou and Papa, 2009;Burt and Swanepoel, 2005;Deyde et al, 2006;Duh et al, 2008;Hewson et al, 2004a;Meissner et al, 2006a;Morikawa et al, 2002;Yashina et al, 2003a;Yashina et al, 2003b). The existence of such clades appears to reflect the fact that CCHFV is not found across a single homogenous geographic region, but circulates in multiple areas that are separated from each other to varying degrees by topographic barriers.…”

Section: Formation Of Discrete Genetic Lineagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

et al. 2013

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Bente, Dennis A.; Forrester, Naomi L.; Watts, Douglas M.; McAuley, Alexander J.; Whitehouse, Chris A.; and Bray, Mike, "CrimeanCongo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity" (2013 b s t r a c tCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most important tick-borne viral disease of humans, causing sporadic cases or outbreaks of severe illness across a huge geographic area, from western China to the Middle East and southeastern Europe and throughout most of Africa. CCHFV is maintained in vertical and horizontal transmission cycles involving ixodid ticks and a variety of wild and domestic vertebrates, which do not show signs of illness. The virus circulates in a number of tick genera, but Hyalomma ticks are the principal source of human infection, probably because both immature and adult forms actively seek hosts for the blood meals required at each stage of maturation. CCHF occurs most frequently among agricultural workers following the bite of an infected tick, and to a lesser extent among slaughterhouse workers exposed to the blood and tissues of infected livestock and medical personnel through contact with the body fluids of infected patients. CCHFV is the most genetically diverse of the arboviruses, with nucleotide sequence differences among isolates ranging from 20% for the viral S segment to 31% for the M segment. Viruses with diverse sequences can be found within the same geographic area, while closely related viruses have been isolated in far distant regions, suggesting that widespread dispersion of CCHFV has occurred at times in the past, possibly by ticks carried on migratory birds or through the international livestock trade. Reassortment among genome segments during co-infection of ticks or vertebrates appears to have played an important role in generating diversity, and represents a potential future source of novel viruses. In this article, we first review current knowledge of CCHFV, summarizing its molecular biology, maintenance and transmission, epidemiology and geographic range. We also include an extensive discussion of CCHFV genetic diversity, including maps of the range of the virus with superimposed phylogenetic trees. We then review the features of CCHF, including the clinical syndrome, diagnosis, treatment, pathogenesis, vaccine development and laboratory animal models of CCHF. The paper ends with a discussion of the possible future geographic range of the virus. For the benefit of researchers, we include a Supplementary Table listing all published reports of CCHF cases and outbreaks in the English-language literature, plus some principal articles in other languages, with total case numbers, case fatality rates and all CCHFV strains on GenBank.

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Section: Formation Of Discrete Genetic Lineagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of the disease has clearly been increasing; from 2002 to 2008, there were more than 1000 confirmed cases, with a 3.2% mortality rate (Butenko and Karganova, 2007;EpiSouth and WHO (2008), Leblebicioglu, 2010). Viruses circulating in southern Russia appear to belong to a single clade (Yashina et al, 2003a).…”

Section: The Former Soviet Unionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

et al. 2013

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“…The first published CCHFV sequence data was of the S RNA segment (which encodes the viral nucleoprotein) of the Chinese sheep isolate C68031 (Marriott and Nuttall, 1992). Since then, several additional S segment sequences from CCHFV isolates from different regions of the world have been published (Schwarz et al, 1996;Rodriguez et al, 1997;Papa et al, 2002a;Drosten et al, 2002b;Yashina et al, 2003). Analysis of these sequences show considerable genetic differences (Fig.…”

Section: Strain Variation and Phylogenetic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, a strain from southern Russia (STV/HU29223) and one from Uzbekistan (TI10145) differed in their S segment sequence by 14.9% and 13.2%, respectively, from the Nigerian IbAr 10200. Based on the S RNA sequence, the southern Russian strain was most closely related to Drosdov (4.7% difference) and the sequence of the Uzbekistan strain was most closely related to the Chinese strains (3.8% and 3.7% difference from strain 8402 and HY13, respectively) (Yashina et al, 2003).…”

Section: Strain Variation and Phylogenetic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coding nucleotide sequences of the two Chinese strains differed for the Nigerian strain IbAr 10200 by a mean of 22%, supplying further evidence of the extent of genetic diversity among these viruses. Recently, sequence analysis of the M RNA segments from CCHFV isolates from Russia and from Central Asia (Tajikistan) indicated that they each form separate phylogenetically distinct groups (Yashina et al, 2003;Seregin et al, 2004).…”

Section: Strain Variation and Phylogenetic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever

2004

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease caused by the arbovirus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which is a member of the Nairovirus genus (family Bunyaviridae). CCHF was first recognized during a large outbreak among agricultural workers in the mid-1940s in the Crimean peninsula. The disease now occurs sporadically throughout much of Africa, Asia, and Europe and results in an approximately 30% fatality rate. After a short incubation period, CCHF is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, chills, severe headache, dizziness, back, and abdominal pains. Additional symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, neuropsychiatric, and cardiovascular changes. In severe cases, hemorrhagic manifestations, ranging from petechiae to large areas of ecchymosis, develop. Numerous genera of ixodid ticks serve both as vector and reservoir for CCHFV; however, ticks in the genus Hyalomma are particularly important to the ecology of this virus. In fact, occurrence of CCHF closely approximates the known world distribution of Hyalomma spp. ticks. Therefore, exposure to these ticks represents a major risk factor for contracting disease; however, other important risk factors are known and are discussed in this review. In recent years, major advances in the molecular detection of CCHFV, particularly the use of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in clinical and tick samples have allowed for both rapid diagnosis of disease and molecular epidemiology studies. Treatment options for CCHF are limited. Immunotherapy and ribavirin have been tried with varying degrees of success during sporadic outbreaks of disease, but no case-controlled trials have been conducted. Consequently, there is currently no antiviral treatment for CCHF approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, renewed interested in CCHFV, as well as increased knowledge of its basic biology, may lead to improved therapies in the future. This article reviews the history, epidemiology, ecology, clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of CCHF. In addition, recent advances in the molecular biology of CCHFV are presented, and issues related to its possible use as a bioterrorism agent are discussed.

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Genetic analysis of crimean‐congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Iran

Chinikar

Persson

Johansson

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Virology

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a potentially fatal disease caused by a tick-borne virus in the family Bunyavridae. The disease occurs in parts of Africa, Asia, Middle East, and Eastern Europe. During recent years, an increasing number of human CCHF cases have been diagnosed in Iran, but very little information is available on the prevalence and genetic diversity of CCHFV in Iran. In the present study, CCHF virus (CCHFV) isolates from nine Iranian patients infected during 2002 were examined genetically. Nucleotide sequencing of the S- and M-segments, encoding the nucleocapsid protein (NP) and the glycoproteins, respectively, revealed that the different isolates were related closely to each other with nucleotide sequence identities exceeding 98% for both S- and M-segments. Phylogenetic analysis of partial S-segment nucleotide sequences showed that the viruses clustered along with strains from Pakistan and Madagascar in one distinct lineage. Phylogenetic analysis also demonstrated that the Iranian isolates examined in this study and the previously published CCHFV strain ArTeh193-3 clustered into different genetic groups, indicating that at least two genetic lineages of CCHFV could be co-circulating in Iran.

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Genetic variability of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in Russia and Central Asia

Cited by 75 publications

References 14 publications

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever

Genetic analysis of crimean‐congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Iran

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