Genetic variability in sunflower after mutagen treatment of immature embryos of different ages

Abstract

The frequency and spectrum of morphological and physiological mutations obtained in M 2 and M 3 generations after sunflower immature embryos treatment with ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) have been studied. Immature 9 -10 and 14 -15-day-old embryos of two genotypes were treated with EMS at the concentration of 0.02% for 16 hours. Thirty-three types of mutation were found, described, and classified into the following groups: chlorophyll deficiency (3 types), cotyledon mutation (1), leaf mutations (6), stem mutations (9), inflorescence mutations (11), seed mutation (1) and physiological mutations (2). Differences were observed between genotypes for the spectrum and frequency of mutation. Mutation frequency after immature embryo treatment in the M 2 generation did not exceed the amount of mutations in M 3. At the same time, some mutations such as sterility, leaf venation, and different shapes of leaf lamina were unique for the M 3 generation. Morphological mutations were rarest after mutagen treatment of immature 9 -10-day-old embryos.Key words: sunflower, ethyl methanesulphonate, immature embryos of different age, morphological and physiological mutations, mutation spectrum and frequency

Mutant sunflower line R12003, produced through in vitro mutagenesis

“…We observed dwarf plants, full sterile plants, plants with decrease number of ray flowers, early flowering plants, malformed leaf, split leaf blades, fan- shaped venation, small and malformed capitulum, absence of ray florets, decreased number of ray florets and replacement of ray leaves with bract leaves. Some of these mutations were published by Soroka and Lyakh (2009) after treatment of immature zygotic embryo with EMS. In our study some mutant plants were isolated and self-pollinated for several generations.…”

“…Costov et al (2007) increased resistance of tomato to Orobanche ramosa L. by application of EMS. Thirty-three types of chemical mutation at sunflower immature embryos were found, described and classified by Soroka and Lyakh, 2009. Encheva et al (1993, 2003 have reported statistically significant changes in morphological characters of plants regenerated from immature zygotic embryos of sunflower, independently and in combination with gamma irradiation or ultrasound.…”

Origin, morphology, and anatomy of fasciation in plants cultured in vivo and in vitro

“…Similarly, when plants with indeterminate inflorescences were kept under drought conditions prior to flowering and then subjected to heavy watering and high nutrient levels, they produced numerous fasciations (Hus 1908). Ionizing radiation and chemical agents also caused fasciation in stems and inflorescences (Johnson 1926;Irvine 1940;Behera and Patnaik 1981;Drjagina et al 1981;Gottschalk and Wolff 1983;Jambhulkar 2002;Soroka and Lyakh 2009;Abe et al 2009). Application of some plant growth regulators causes fasciation.…”

Molecular identification of phytoplasmas in fasciated cacti and succulent species and associated hormonal perturbation

“…It occurs in the morphology of plant organs and typically involves broadening of the shoot apical meristem, flattening of the stem, and changes in leaf arrangement (Iliev & Kitin 2011). It has been noted that many biotic and abiotic causes lead to the development of fasciated forms including fungal and nematode infections (Stange et al 1996) and mineral deficiency; zinc deficiency is known to cause fasciation (Rance et al 1982), temperature fluctuation (Binggeli 1990), chemical mutagens (Soroka & Lyakh 2009), and mutations (El-Banna et al 2013). Fasciation is a frequent phenomenon in Cactaceae and in many other succulents' family like in Euphorbiaceae, Crassulaceae, and Asclepiadaceae.…”