Genetic variability and morphology of tri- and tetraploid members of the Sorbus aria complex in northern Bavaria

Feulner, Martin; Weig, Alfons; Paule, Juraj; Gregor, Thomas; Schott, Lea F.; Aas, Gregor

doi:10.23855/preslia.2017.275

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The genetic data revealed a clear divergence among (groups of) populations included in different allotetraploid apomictic lineages that originated in various parts of South-Eastern and Central Europe. Our results thus support previous findings that hybridisation, polyploidization, and apomixis are the main drivers of Sorbus diversification, at least in Europe [ 33 , 34 , 36 , 82 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Apomictic Mountain Whitebeam (Sorbus austriaca, Rosaceae) Comprises Several Genetically and Morphologically Divergent Lineages

Hajrudinović-Bogunić

Schönswetter

Siljak-Yakovlev

et al. 2023

Biology

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The interplay of polyploidisation, hybridization, and apomixis contributed to the exceptional diversity of Sorbus (Rosaceae), giving rise to a mosaic of genetic and morphological entities. The Sorbus austriaca species complex from the mountains of Central and South-eastern Europe represents an allopolyploid apomictic system of populations that originated following hybridisation between S. aria and S. aucuparia. However, the mode and frequency of such allopolyploidisations and the relationships among different, morphologically more or less similar populations that have often been described as different taxa remain largely unexplored. We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting, plastid DNA sequencing, and analyses of nuclear microsatellites, along with multivariate morphometrics and ploidy data, to disentangle the relationships among populations within this intricate complex. Our results revealed a mosaic of genetic lineages—many of which have not been taxonomically recognised—that originated via multiple allopolyploidisations. The clonal structure within and among populations was then maintained via apomixis. Our results thus support previous findings that hybridisation, polyploidization, and apomixis are the main drivers of Sorbus diversification in Europe.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Apomictic Mountain Whitebeam (Sorbus austriaca, Rosaceae) Comprises Several Genetically and Morphologically Divergent Lineages

Hajrudinović-Bogunić

Schönswetter

Siljak-Yakovlev

et al. 2023

Biology

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“…This high genetic variability, together with the cross-propagation system, confirmed by our study, is characteristic mainly for diploid Sorbus species ( Ludwig et al 2013 ; Hamston et al 2018 ). Although both diploid and triploid populations of S. aria have been found in Central Europe ( Ludwig et al 2013 ; Feulner et al 2017 ), the observed pattern of genetic variability and structure of the tested population of S. aria is a consequence of interbreeding of diploid genomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hybridization and introgression of native and foreignSorbustree species in unique environments of protected mountainous areas

et al. 2020

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Hybridisation and introgression are important processes influencing the genetic diversity and evolution of species. These processes are of particular importance in protected areas, where they can lead to the formation of hybrids between native and foreign species and may ultimately result in the loss of parental species from their natural range. Despite their importance, the contribution of hybridisation and introgression to genetic diversity in Sorbus genus remains not fully recognised. We analysed the genetic and morphological variability of several Sorbus species including native (Sorbus aria), foreign (S. intermedia) and potentially hybrid (S. carpatica) individuals from the Polish Carpathian range. Patterns of variation at 13 nuclear microsatellite loci show hybridisation between the tested species and confirm the existence of the hybrid form Sorbus carpatica. Biometric analysis on leaves, based of ten metric features and three parameters, identified several characters for preliminary taxonomic classification, however none of them could be used as a fully diagnostic marker for faultless annotation of Sorbus intermedia and S. carpatica. The genetic structure analysis indicated complex patterns of population differentiation and its diverse origin. The results allow assessment of genetic variation and identification of parental species participating in hybridisation. This knowledge will advance the management of genetic diversity and development of conservation strategies for efficient maintenance of the unique protected ecosystem.

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“…Results from morphometric studies, for which usually more representative number of characters was screened, are non-unequivocal. Some studies found either relatively weak (Marhold 1999; Hodálová et al 2007) or missing (Saukel and Länger 1990; Feulner et al 2017) differentiation between diploids and the autopolyploid derivatives. Our results are in good accordance with these studies and support the notion that autopolyploids usually resample the morphospace of their parents (Soltis et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in Paspalum L.: Hojsgaard et al 2008; Ranunculus L.: Cosendai et al 2011; Townsendia Hook. : Thompson and Whitton 2006; Sorbus L.: Lepší et al 2015; Feulner et al 2017), but derivation of (high) autopolyploids from tetraploids is also known (Mráz et al 2008; Dobeš et al 2013 b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The morphometrics of autopolyploidy: insignificant differentiation among sexual–apomictic cytotypes

2019

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Polyploidization of the plant genome affects the phenotype of individuals including their morphology, i.e. size and form. In autopolyploids, we expect mainly nucleotypic effects, from a number of monoploid genomes (i.e. chromosome sets) or genome size, seen from an increase in size or dimension of the polyploids compared with the diploids (or lower ploids). To identify nucleotypic effects, confounding effects of hybridity (observed in allopolyploids), postpolyploidization processes or environmental effects need to be considered. We morphometrically analysed five ploidy cytotypes of the sexual–apomictic species Potentilla puberula cultivated ex situ under the same experimental conditions. Sexuals are mainly tetraploid, while higher ploidy (penta- to octoploidy) is typically associated with the expression of apomixis. The cytotypes likely arose via autopolyploidization although historic involvement of another species in the origin of apomicts cannot be fully ruled out, suggested by a slight molecular differentiation among reproductive modes. We (i) revisited molecular differentiation using amplified fragment length polymorphisms and performed a morphometric analysis to test (ii) if cytotypes are morphologically differentiated from each other and (iii) if the size of individuals is related to their ploidy. Weak molecular differentiation of sexual versus apomictic individuals was confirmed. Cytotypes and reproductive modes were also morphologically poorly differentiated from each other, i.e. apomicts largely resampled the variation of the sexuals and did not exhibit a unique morphology. Overall size of individuals increased moderately but significantly with ploidy (ca. 14 % in the comparison of octo- with tetraploids). The results support an autopolyploid origin of the P. puberula apomicts and suggest a nucleotypic effect on overall plant size. We discuss taxonomic consequences of the results in the context of data on reproductive relationships among cytotypes and their ecological preferences and evolutionary origin, and conclude that cytotypes are best treated as intraspecific variants within a single species.

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Genetic variability and morphology of tri- and tetraploid members of the Sorbus aria complex in northern Bavaria

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Apomictic Mountain Whitebeam (Sorbus austriaca, Rosaceae) Comprises Several Genetically and Morphologically Divergent Lineages

Apomictic Mountain Whitebeam (Sorbus austriaca, Rosaceae) Comprises Several Genetically and Morphologically Divergent Lineages

Hybridization and introgression of native and foreignSorbustree species in unique environments of protected mountainous areas

The morphometrics of autopolyploidy: insignificant differentiation among sexual–apomictic cytotypes

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