Genetic validation and spectroscopic detailing of DHN-melanin extracted from an environmental fungus

Raman, Nitya Meenakshi; Ramasamy, Suganthi

doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.08.008

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…The result depicted that the absorbance declined as the wavelength increased to the visible region which is the property of aromatic organic compound. The result coincides with previous report by Raman and Ramasamy [48]. Melanin pigment plays an important role in cell surface morphology.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Anti-melanogenic activity of Myristica fragrans extract against Aspergillus fumigatus using phenotypic based screening

Hoda

Vermani

Joshi

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background: Aspergillus fumigatus, an opportunistic fungal pathogen is associated with a wide array of diseases. It produces 1, 8-dihydroxy naphthalene (DHN) melanin that imparts greenish grey color to conidia and is an important virulence factor. It masks various molecular patterns associated with A. fumigatus and protects the fungus from host immune system. Myristica fragrans, enriched with secondary metabolites has been traditionally used for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. The present study was aimed to explore the antimelanogenic effect of M. fragrans extracts on A. fumigatus.Methods: M. fragrans extracts (hexane, chloroform, methanol and ethanol) were prepared through polarity guided extraction. Phytochemical analysis was performed to detect the chemical constituents of the extracts. The minimum effective concentration (MEC) of the extracts against A. fumigatus melanin was determined by broth micro-dilution assay. Various virulence factors were assayed by spectrophotometric methods. Electron microscopic studies were performed to evaluate the effect of the hexane extract of M. fragrans on A. fumigatus cell surface morphology. The major active compounds of the extract were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Docking was performed to study the interaction between the major identified compounds and the ketosynthase domain of polyketide synthase protein. Results:The results indicated that the hexane extract of M. fragrans inhibited melanin production (76.09%), reduced ergosterol content (83.63%) and hydrophobicity of the cell (72.2%) at the MEC of 0.078 mg/mL. Altered conidial surface, disappearance of protrusions and absence of melanin layer on outer cell surface was observed in electron microscopy. Forty-two compounds were identified by GC-MS. The main constituents were identified as sabinene (12.2%), linoleic acid (11.7%), hexadecanoic acid (10.5%), safrole (8.1%) and elemicin (7.8%). Docking studies revealed that hexadecanoic acid, its derivative compound cis-9-hexadecenal and isoeugenol have lower binding energy forming proper hydrogen bond with ketosynthase domain of polyketide synthase protein.(Continued on next page) Conclusion:The study concludes that the extract of M. fragrans has potential antifungal properties that can be explored in combination with available antifungals. This combination approach may be helpful for large number of patients suffering with A. fumigatus infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Anti-melanogenic activity of Myristica fragrans extract against Aspergillus fumigatus using phenotypic based screening

Hoda

Vermani

Joshi

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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“…Pos Ctr: laboratory control; Ctr: Control; Neg Ctr: Negative Control; Figure S2: RAPD assay from C. antarcticus colonies extracted DNA, after exposure to accelerated helium ions irradiation. OS: Original substrate; P-MRS: Phyllosilicate Mars Regolith Simulant; and S-MRS: Sulfatic Mars Regolith Simulant; Figure S3: Positive correlation between synthetic DHN melanin at five concentrations and absorbance at 650 nm, used as standard curve for quantification according to [32]; Table S1: Concentration (in mg/mL) of extracted melanin from C. antarcticus colonies of exposed to accelerated helium ions. Table S2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The correlation between absorbance and wavelength was defined. To determine the concentration of extracted melanin, synthetic DHN (1,8-DiHydroxyNaphthalene) melanin (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was prepared in 1M NaOH at concentrations of 500 mg/mL and a standard curve at 650 nm was obtained as reported in [32].…”

Section: Fungal Melanin Extraction and Spectrophotometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Responses of the Black Fungus Cryomyces Antarcticus to High Doses of Accelerated Helium Ions Radiation within Martian Regolith Simulants and Their Relevance for Mars

Pacelli

Cassaro

Aureli

et al. 2020

Life

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One of the primary current astrobiological goals is to understand the limits of microbial resistance to extraterrestrial conditions. Much attention is paid to ionizing radiation, since it can prevent the preservation and spread of life outside the Earth. The aim of this research was to study the impact of accelerated He ions (150 MeV/n, up to 1 kGy) as a component of the galactic cosmic rays on the black fungus C. antarcticus when mixed with Antarctic sandstones—the substratum of its natural habitat—and two Martian regolith simulants, which mimics two different evolutionary stages of Mars. The high dose of 1 kGy was used to assess the effect of dose accumulation in dormant cells within minerals, under long-term irradiation estimated on a geological time scale. The data obtained suggests that viable Earth-like microorganisms can be preserved in the dormant state in the near-surface scenario for approximately 322,000 and 110,000 Earth years within Martian regolith that mimic early and present Mars environmental conditions, respectively. In addition, the results of the study indicate the possibility of maintaining traces within regolith, as demonstrated by the identification of melanin pigments through UltraViolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometric approach.

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“…In recent years, several types of melanin from various fungi, such as Auricularia auricular [8], Mycosphaerella fijiensis [9], Aspergillus fumigates [10], Gliocephalotrichum simplex [11], and Lachnum YM404 [12], have been studied. Boletus griseus is one of the most common large fungal species in Yunnan, China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Preparation and Chemical Structure Characterization of Melanin from Boletus griseus

Liu

Xiao

Liu

et al. 2018

IJMS

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In this study, melanin (BgM) was obtained from Boletus griseus. The chemical composition and structure of BgM were characterized by UV-visible absorption spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry. The percentage contents of C, H, N, S and O elements were 56.38%, 5.86%, 6.17%, 2.44%, and 28.04%, and the S/N and C/N ratios were 0.17 and 10.66, respectively. The UV-vis spectrum of BgM showed a maximum absorption peak at 214 nm. Characteristic absorption peaks were observed at 3426, 1600 and 1105 cm−1, and BgM contained phenolic hydroxyl, amidogen, carbonyl, methylene, and methyl groups. Moreover, BgM is an eumelanin, and its main skeleton has both a benzene ring and an indole, and the branched chain mainly consists of alkanes, alcohols, and fatty acids. BgM was hydrolyzed by H2O2 and four compounds were tentatively analyzed from the UPLC-MS/MS profile. The chemical structure of BgM was characterized as 5,6-dihydroxyindole eumelanin, and the condensed molecular formula is [C28(OR1)4(OR2)3H11O6N4]n.

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Genetic validation and spectroscopic detailing of DHN-melanin extracted from an environmental fungus

Cited by 30 publications

References 65 publications

Anti-melanogenic activity of Myristica fragrans extract against Aspergillus fumigatus using phenotypic based screening

Anti-melanogenic activity of Myristica fragrans extract against Aspergillus fumigatus using phenotypic based screening

The Responses of the Black Fungus Cryomyces Antarcticus to High Doses of Accelerated Helium Ions Radiation within Martian Regolith Simulants and Their Relevance for Mars

Study on the Preparation and Chemical Structure Characterization of Melanin from Boletus griseus

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