Genetic typing of recent classical swine fever isolates from India

Patil, S. S.; Hemadri, D.; Shankar, B. P.; Raghavendra, A.; Veeresh, H.; Sindhoora, B.; Shivamallu, Chandan; Sreekala, K.; Gajendragad, M. R.; Prabhudas, K.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.09.021

Cited by 50 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance (PD-ADMAS), Bangalore, India, has ranked CSF among the top five viral diseases of the livestock in India (Patil et al 2012). Phylogenetic analysis on limited available isolates showed, mostly, subgenotype 1.1. circulating in domestic pigs throughout the country, while the emerging subgenotype 2.2. was also reported circulating in the pig populations of north-east India (Patil et al 2010). However, the studies on molecular epidemiology of CSFV in India are still limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Emergence of 2.1. subgenotype of classical swine fever virus in pig population of India in 2011

Rajkhowa

Hauhnar

Lalrohlua

et al. 2014

Veterinary Quarterly

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Background: Limited studies are available on molecular epidemiology of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in India and are restricted to domestic pigs. These studies show the presence of 1.1. genotype. Hypothesis/objectives: The aim of the present study was to subgenotype four CSFV isolates, two each from the outbreaks of CSF in wild (Sus scrofa) and domestic pigs of Mizoram state, India, in 2011. Animals and methods: CSFV isolates were subjected to nucleotide sequencing in E2 and NS5B genomic regions. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates in both genomic regions was carried out with 39 Indian isolates (4 isolates from the present study of Mizoram state and 35 isolates from the other states of India) and 57 reference sequences retrieved from the GenBank database. Two of the 39 isolates from India were collected from wild boar and were subgenotyped as 2.1. Out of 37 isolates from domestic pigs, only two were subgenotyped as 2.1. Results: The analysis revealed the emergence of 2.1. subgenotype of CSFV in both wild and domestic pigs in India. Conclusions and clinical importance:The isolates from domestic pigs of Mizoram state (CSF/MZ/KOL/73 and CSF/MZ/ AIZ/115) were grouped in genotype 1 and subgenotype 1.1., thus confirming that the source of CSF outbreaks in domesticated pigs in Mizoram was not from wild pigs. The current study forms an essential step for better understanding of the epidemiology of 2.1 subgroup as well as the movement and spread of the disease in India.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Emergence of 2.1. subgenotype of classical swine fever virus in pig population of India in 2011

Rajkhowa

Hauhnar

Lalrohlua

et al. 2014

Veterinary Quarterly

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“…The involvement of subgroup 2.2 viruses from Karnataka, in one of the CSF outbreaks in Harohalli, near Bangalore during the year 2008 was reported by Patil et al [14]. Later Chakroborthy et al [2] recovered three isolates from Bangalore district, further confirmed the presence of 2.2 subgroup viruses in the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Present and previous studies of genetic typing [15] in Karnataka had indicated that there has been a switch in virus populations from subgroup 1.1 to 2.2 after 2008 and 2.2 viruses has dominated the field infections. Even though subgroup 1.1 viruses were predominant in India, the subgroup 2.2 viruses are gradually spreading as confirmed by frequent detection/ isolation of subgroup 2.2 viruses in the recent years, particularly from the northern India [14,15] and neighbouring country like Nepal [18]. During 2012-13, the prevalence of subgroup 2.2 isolates was also reported from Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Orissa, Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh states (Unpublished data from NIVEDI, Bangalore).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Classical swine fever in India was first reported in 1962 and later has been reported from many parts of the country [14,23,24]. A compilation of data from OIE indicates that there were 1308 outbreaks of CSF in India during 1996-2008 [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few reports have been documented the occurrence of 1.1 and 2.2 genotype CSF viruses in India [14,15,24] using molecular epidemiological techniques. Phylogenetic analysis by Patil et al [14, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13337-015-0273-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic clustering of recent classical swine fever virus isolates from Karnataka, India revealed the emergence of subtype 2.2 replacing subtype 1.1

et al. 2015

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The phylogenetic analysis of 11 CSFV isolates from Karnataka, India obtained during the year 2012-13 was undertaken to obtain the most reliable genetic typing of the CSFV isolates based on E2, NS5B and 5 0 UTR genomic regions. The study indicated that all the 11 CSFV isolates belonged to subgroup 2.2. The most reliable classification was obtained with sequence data from the NS5B region which separated all the isolates based on the history of outbreak and geographic origin. Analysis of full length E2 amino acid sequences revealed different genetic makeup of Indian 2.2 isolates compared to 2.2 isolates from different countries. The group 2.2 viruses are gradually spreading as confirmed by frequent detection/ isolation of group 2.2 viruses in the recent years and replacing the subgroup 1.1 viruses, which were hitherto predominantly involved in CSF outbreaks in India.Keywords Classical swine fever virus Á Phylogenetic analysis Á E2 Á NS5B and 5 0 UTR

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An outbreak of classical swine fever in pigs in Bangladesh, 2015

Sarkar

Hossain

Gurley

et al. 2017

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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In a group of 22 healthy pigs aged between 4 and 6 months, 2 pigs became ill with high fever, complete anorexia, cough and abnormal swaying movements on 22 June 2015. One of them died on June 24 and the second died on July 3. Shortly after, the remaining pigs also fell ill and died from the same illness by 10 August 2015. We investigated the aetiology, epidemiological and clinical features of the outbreak. We recorded the clinical signs and symptoms for each pig with the date of onset of illness. Veterinarians conducted post‐mortem examinations on the 12 dead pigs, they collected tissue samples from the dead pigs and placed them in a tube containing 1 mL of nucleic acid extraction buffer (lysis buffer). We tested all the tissue samples by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR) to detect classical swine fever virus (CSFV) because the animals’ symptoms matched those of this disease. We also conducted a phylogentic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the E2 gene segment of CSFV detected in a lung tissue sample. The attack rate (22/22) and the case fatality were 100%. The predominant symptoms of the disease included high fever, cough, diarrhoea and swaying movements of the hind legs prior to death. Of the 12 pigs tissue samples tested, all had evidence of the presence of CSFV RNA by rRT‐PCR. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virus belongs to genotype 2.2, which is closely related to CSFV genotype 2.2 reported in India. Our investigation suggests that CSF is circulating in pigs, posing a risk for communities in Bangladesh that rely on pigs for economic income and dietary protein. Future research could focus on estimating the disease and economic burden of CSFV in pig rearing areas to determine if interventions might be warranted or cost‐effective.

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Genetic typing of recent classical swine fever isolates from India

Cited by 50 publications

References 12 publications

Emergence of 2.1. subgenotype of classical swine fever virus in pig population of India in 2011

Emergence of 2.1. subgenotype of classical swine fever virus in pig population of India in 2011

Genetic clustering of recent classical swine fever virus isolates from Karnataka, India revealed the emergence of subtype 2.2 replacing subtype 1.1

An outbreak of classical swine fever in pigs in Bangladesh, 2015

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