Genetic tests for alleles of complementary-sex-determiner to support honeybee breeding programmes

Hyink, Otto; Laas, Frans; Dearden, Peter K.

doi:10.1007/s13592-012-0181-6

Cited by 20 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Using the sequence of information of 13 specificities, we can now predict lethal csd genotypes in honeybee breeding programs. Together with low-cost genotyping methodology [40], this will support selection programs in this economically important species which is an essential pollinator of crop plants and wild flowers. The relative fitness of C1/C1 homozygotes is 0 (w C1/C1 = 0), whereas that of Ci/C1 heterozygotes is 1 (w Ci/C1 = 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradual Molecular Evolution of a Sex Determination Switch through Incomplete Penetrance of Femaleness

et al. 2013

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Some genes regulate phenotypes that are either present or absent. They are often important regulators of developmental switches and are involved in morphological evolution. We have little understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which these absence/presence gene functions have evolved, because the phenotype and fitness of molecular intermediate forms are unknown. Here, we studied the sex-determining switch of 14 natural sequence variants of the csd gene among 76 genotypes of the honeybee (Apis mellifera). Heterozygous genotypes (different specificities) of the csd gene determine femaleness, while hemizygous genotypes (single specificity) determine maleness. Homozygous genotypes of the csd gene (same specificity) are lethal. We found that at least five amino acid differences and length variation between Csd specificities in the specifying domain (PSD) were sufficient to regularly induce femaleness. We estimated that, on average, six pairwise amino acid differences evolved under positive selection. We also identified a natural evolutionary intermediate that showed only three amino acid length differences in the PSD relative to its parental allele. This genotype showed an intermediate fitness because it implemented lethality regularly and induced femaleness infrequently (i.e., incomplete penetrance). We suggest incomplete penetrance as a mechanism through which new molecular switches can gradually and adaptively evolve.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradual Molecular Evolution of a Sex Determination Switch through Incomplete Penetrance of Femaleness

et al. 2013

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“…Sequences for each PCR sample were then translated into proteins. Alleles were regarded as sequences resulting in different amino acid sequence in the HVR region according to Hyink, Laas and Dearden [11]. Threshold was set above the abundance to a minimum of 1000 identical copies of the same sequence.…”

Section: Bioinformatic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mating of a queen with multiple drones also increases the diversity of alleles in the hive, which is a superorganism. Labour-intensive closed breeding programmes (e.g., for Varroa tolerance) lack these evolutionary assurances; diploid drones may appear quickly, and inbreeding remains a big threat without knowing the csd alleles, especially in the case of single drone insemination [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These subspecies bear economic importance, out of which A. m. ligustica and A. m. carnica are kept worldwide commercially [15]. Several alleles of various honey bee subspecies were described based on the hypervariable (HVR) region [11,[16][17][18]. This particular region of the csd gene was selected for the typing of csd alleles in breeding programmes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cost-effective technology based on High Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis has been in commercial use in a queen breeder company. In their approach, csd alleles have differences in the amino acid sequence at the HVR region of csd [11]. However, this method may be restricted in practice for the specific apiary analysed, as the appearance of new alleles necessitates the assignment of additional sequences to relevant new HRM curves, and same-sense mutations may result in different ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Alternative, High Throughput Method to Identify Csd Alleles of the Honey Bee

Kolics

Parrag

Házi³

et al. 2020

Insects

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Applying instrumental insemination in closely related honey bee colonies often leads to frequent lethality of offspring causing colony collapse. This is due to the peculiarities of honey bee reproductive biology, where the complementary sex determination (csd) gene drives sex determination within a haplodiploid system. Diploid drones containing homozygous genotypes are lethal. Tracking of csd alleles using molecular markers prevents this unwanted event in closed breeding programs. Our approach described here is based on high throughput sequencing (HTS) that provides more data than traditional molecular techniques and is capable of analysing sources containing multiple alleles, including diploid individuals as the bee queen. The approach combines HTS technique and clipping wings as a minimally invasive method to detect the complementary sex determiner (csd) alleles directly from honey bee queens. Furthermore, it might also be suitable for screening alleles of honey harvested from hives of a closed breeding facility. Data on alleles of the csd gene from different honey bee subspecies are provided. It might contribute to future databases that could potentially be used to track the origin of honey. With the help of tracking csd alleles, more focused crossings will be possible, which could in turn accelerate honey bee breeding programmes targeting increase tolerance against varroosis as well.

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Genotyping-by-sequencing of pooled drone DNA for the management of living honeybee (Apis mellifera) queens in commercial beekeeping operations in New Zealand

Petersen

Fennessy²,

Stijn

et al. 2020

Apidologie

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The absence of a full pedigree can hinder selective breeding efforts. In honeybees, definitive maternity and especially paternity of queens is difficult to determine, even under managed mating schemes (e.g. using artificial insemination) due to the negative effects of single-drone mating on colony fitness. Here we genotyped 388 living queens from two beekeeping operations using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS). We evaluate two methods to call single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), Tassel 5 and Stacks, for their ability to supply SNPs that can recover known relationships. While Stacks discovered more SNPs (29,433), SNPs called with Tassel 5 (16,757) were found to be more accurate for the derivation of relationships. This methodology presents a low-cost genotyping approach and can be used to support commercial honeybee breeding schemes.

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Genetic tests for alleles of complementary-sex-determiner to support honeybee breeding programmes

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Gradual Molecular Evolution of a Sex Determination Switch through Incomplete Penetrance of Femaleness

Gradual Molecular Evolution of a Sex Determination Switch through Incomplete Penetrance of Femaleness

An Alternative, High Throughput Method to Identify Csd Alleles of the Honey Bee

Genotyping-by-sequencing of pooled drone DNA for the management of living honeybee (Apis mellifera) queens in commercial beekeeping operations in New Zealand

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