Genetic Testing in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma � Important or Not?

Abstract

Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine cancer representing 1-1.5% of all cancers diagnosed annually. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) with the 2 main subtypes, papillary (PTC) and follicular (FTC), is the most common. DTC incidence has increased significantly in recent years, mainly due to increased and early use of imaging techniques (thyroid ultrasonography) and fine needle biopsy of thyroid nodules. Although after radical treatment, DTC is considered to be curable, histologic and clinical presentation is very diverse, the recurrence rate being 10-30%, while 5% of patients are resistant to conventional therapy, and some are even incurable. In recent years, there has been progress in terms of describing genetic changes in thyroid carcinoma, genetic testing providing important information that may influence therapeutic decision. The practical importance of these genetic mutations (for example, BRAF V600E, RAS, etc.) and their roles in tumorigenesis, the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma is still controversial and incompletely elucidated.The increase knowledge of molecular pathogenesis and tumorigenesis in thyroid cancer lead to the emergence of new therapies with targeted antitumor effect and minimal toxicity. Patient selection should be made taking into account the risk stratification and tangible benefits, molecular tests being expensive and inaccessible.

COVID‑19‑related thyroid conditions (Review)

“…A study on the expression of 5 genes which may interact with the virus such as ACE2, TMPRSS11D, respective TMPRSS2, CLEC4M and DPP4 showed significant alterations in thyroid cancer for the last mentioned three genes (55). However routine genetic testing in non-medullar thyroid cancer is hardly encouraged (56).…”

Uric Acid and NT-proBNP as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism

“…Thyroid hormones, particularly T3, have shown beneficial cardiovascular effects by improving myocardial relaxation and reducing peripheral vascular resistance. The various thyroid axis dysfunctions [8] are accompanied by pathological cardiovascular changes [9], both in hyperthyroidism and in hypothyroidism. Moreover, after the discovery of the general physiological and pathological responses to stress, both in case of negative and positive *email: scozma2005@yahoo.com; Phone: 0748 167030 #These authors contributed equally to this work and should be regarded as first author responses, the stress concept was involved in the pathogenesis of many morbid, endocrine, metabolic or cardiovascular conditions.…”