Genetic Systems, Genome Evolution, and Genetic Control of Embryonic Development in Insects

Hoy, Marjorie A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-415874-0.00004-4

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 258 publications

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“…The presence of Bddsx F and Bcdsx F transcripts were observed in both sex embryos up to at least 12 h AEL. DSX F may be used in the expression of genes related to the nourishment of embryos such as the yp gene 58 . A similar finding showed that the Bjdsx F transcript was also expressed in both sex embryos at sometime between 1 to 9 h AEL 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transformer-2 and fruitless characterisation with developmental expression profiles of sex-determining genes in Bactrocera dorsalis and B. correcta

Laohakieat

Isasawin

Thanaphum

2020

Sci Rep

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Sex determination in tephritid fruit flies involves a signaling cascade of alternatively spliced genes. The Transformer (TRA) and Transformer-2 (TRA-2) complex establishes an autoregulatory loop switching sex-specific splicing of tra pre-mRNA in females. The TRA/TRA-2 complex also regulates the sex-specific splicing of downstream effector genes, doublesex (dsx) and fruitless (fru). In Ceratitis capitata, a Maleness-on the-Y (MoY) gene modulates sex-specifically spliced Cctra pre-mRNA and results in the breakdown of the Cctra autoregulatory loop in males. In this study, the tra-2 and fru genes were characterised in two key pests, Bactrocera dorsalis and B. correcta. The tra-2 genes showed high degrees of conservation among tephritids. The complex gene organisation for each of Bdfru and Bcfru were identified. There are sex-specific and non sex-specific transcripts generated by alternative promoters as found in Drosophila melanogaster and other insects. RNAi knockdown of Bdtra transcripts showed that BdTRA controls the sex-specific splicing of Bddsx and Bdfru pre-mRNAs. Developmental expression analysis shows that multiple splice variants of Bdtra and Bctra RNAs are present before and during cellular blastoderm formation and that the mature sex-specific variants become fixed later in embryogenesis. Furthermore, the BddsxM splice variants are found in early embryos at the beginning of gastulation, but BdfruM does not appear until the larval stage. We proposed that the zygotic tra loop is initiated in both female and male embryos before becoming automatised or abolished by MoY, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transformer-2 and fruitless characterisation with developmental expression profiles of sex-determining genes in Bactrocera dorsalis and B. correcta

Laohakieat

Isasawin

Thanaphum

2020

Sci Rep

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“…Suganya et al. (2010) studied YP1, which is highly expressed in fat tissue (Hoy, 2013), by silencing the target of rapamycin ( TOR ) in B. dorsalis . TOR is known to be involved with intracellular signalling, growth, development and YP1 synthesis in insects (Colombani et al., 2003; Guertin et al., 2006; Suganya et al., 2010).…”

Section: Target Genes and Biological Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…YPs are synthetized in extra-ovarian tissues and later transferred to developing oocytes, providing the necessary nutrients for the embryos to grow and develop (Izumi et al, 1994). Suganya et al (2010) studied YP1, which is highly expressed in fat tissue (Hoy, 2013), by silencing the target of rapamycin (TOR) in B. dorsalis. TOR is known to be involved with intracellular signalling, growth, development and YP1 synthesis in insects (Colombani et al, 2003;Guertin et al, 2006;Suganya et al, 2010).…”

Section: Female Reproduction Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNAi in fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): Successes and challenges

Maktura

Paranhos

Marques-Souza

2021

J Applied Entomology

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Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are among the most economically important pests worldwide, causing direct damage to fruit crops through female oviposition and larval feeding. Currently, the most widely disseminated methods of control of fruit flies involve the adoption of cultural and biological techniques, like the sterile insect technique, and the use of agrochemicals. However, the latter depend on the concomitant use of other techniques, especially chemical ones, which are the most successful, but also related to resistance, off‐target effects and pollution, showing the need for new methods. RNA interference (RNAi) is a biotechnological tool that is capable of inducing post‐transcriptional gene silencing using double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). The mechanism could be exploited in pest control associated with integrated pest management, by targeting essential genes or by increasing the susceptibility of insects to insecticides. Here, we discuss the RNAi machinery and the uptake genes of the main Tephritidae species and their differences in comparison with other insects. Then, we investigate the international literature on the application of this tool to improve the sterile insect technique, enhance the insects’ susceptibility to insecticides and modulate their growth and development, demonstrating the sensibility of Tephritidae species to RNAi. Finally, we discuss the main challenges to the future use of RNAi as a method to control Tephritidae, such as delivery procedures, degradation and production of dsRNA, off‐target effects, occurrence of refractoriness, and perspectives and shortages associated with its adoption that need to be considered.

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“…Gap gene expression arises in response to gradient of maternal-effect genes. These gradients result in specific position placement of particular gap genes, which indicate the initial pattern of segmentation [9]. Three genes from this group were identified by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus.…”

Section: Drosophila Genetics and Christiane Nüsslein-volhardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila melanogaster research: history, breakthrough and perspectives

Popis

Borowiec

Jankowski

2018

Medical Journal of Cell Biology

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The common fruit fly, or Drosophila Melanogaster, has been used as an object of biomedicals studies for over a century. It has been mostly employed in genetic research, as it exhibits several advantages which make its use relatively easy and cheap, with the results widely translatable into further vertebrate studies. This model been the basis of the work of Christiane Nusslein-Volhard, who together with Eric Wieschaus unravelled much of the mystery surrounding early drosophila development in the 1970s-1980s, laying foundations for broader understanding of multicellular organism embryogenesis, which brought them a Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1995. The knowledge gained from drosophila studies improves the basic understanding of developmental processes, while the model itself is relatively easy to maintain, analyse and translate the results onto other species. While models such as Zebrafish present better with other vertebrates, drosophila remains a very important element of genetic research, finding even more applications with the development of current science and medicine. Hence, in this short review, the outline of the history, breakthroughs and perspectives of the drosophila research has been presented.

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Genetic Systems, Genome Evolution, and Genetic Control of Embryonic Development in Insects

Cited by 3 publications

References 258 publications

The transformer-2 and fruitless characterisation with developmental expression profiles of sex-determining genes in Bactrocera dorsalis and B. correcta

The transformer-2 and fruitless characterisation with developmental expression profiles of sex-determining genes in Bactrocera dorsalis and B. correcta

RNAi in fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): Successes and challenges

Drosophila melanogaster research: history, breakthrough and perspectives

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