Genetic subtyping of influenza A viruses using RT-PCR with a single set of primers based on conserved sequences within the HA2 coding region

Phipps, L. P.; Essen, Steve; Brown, Ian H.

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.08.008

Cited by 99 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Differences in the screening methods precluded a direct comparison of prevalence between Alaska and California. Genetic subtyping was performed by characterizing the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene using rRT-PCR, with universal primers (Hoffman et al 2001, Phipps et al 2004. Amplicons from Alaska were purified using ExoSAP-IT (USB), whereas those from California were purified with Microcon cleanup columns (Millipore) and submitted for sequencing.…”

Section: Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Seasonal Patterns of Avian Influenza Virus in Breeding and Wintering Migratory Birds: A Flyway Perspective

Hill

Takekawa

Cardona

et al. 2012

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The spread of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in nature is intrinsically linked with the movements of wild birds. Wild birds are the reservoirs for the virus and their migration may facilitate the circulation of AIV between breeding and wintering areas. This cycle of dispersal has become widely accepted; however, there are few AIV studies that present cross-seasonal information. A flyway perspective is critical for understanding how wild birds contribute to the persistence of AIV over large spatial and temporal scales, with implications for how to focus surveillance efforts and identify risks to public health. This study characterized spatio-temporal infection patterns in 10,389 waterfowl at two important locations within the Pacific Flyway-breeding sites in Interior Alaska and wintering sites in California's Central Valley during 2007-2009. Among the dabbling ducks sampled, the northern shoveler (Anas clypeata) had the highest prevalence of AIV at both breeding (32.2%) and wintering (5.2%) locations. This is in contrast to surveillance studies conducted in other flyways that have identified the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and northern pintail (Anas acuta) as hosts with the highest prevalence. A higher diversity of AIV subtypes was apparent at wintering (n = 42) compared with breeding sites (n = 17), with evidence of mixed infections at both locations. Our study suggests that wintering sites may act as an important mixing bowl for transmission among waterfowl in a flyway, creating opportunities for the reassortment of the virus. Our findings shed light on how the dynamics of AIV infection of wild bird populations can vary between the two ends of a migratory flyway.

show abstract

Section: Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Seasonal Patterns of Avian Influenza Virus in Breeding and Wintering Migratory Birds: A Flyway Perspective

Hill

Takekawa

Cardona

et al. 2012

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In practical terms, universal primers that can cross-react with all HA subtypes would provide additional advantages for developing tests that are more specific for newly identified human influenza viruses (35,36 ). The identity of these amplicons can be determined by performing sequencing or microarray analysis in a timely manner.…”

Section: Challenges For Pandemic Preparedness and The Next Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolving Threat of Influenza Viruses of Animal Origin and the Challenges in Developing Appropriate Diagnostics

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND An H1N1 subtype of swine origin caused the first influenza pandemic in this century. This pandemic strain was a reassortant of avian, swine, and human influenza viruses. Many diagnostic laboratories were overwhelmed by the testing demands related to this pandemic. Nevertheless, there remains the threat of other animal influenza viruses, such as highly pathogenic H5N1. As a part of pandemic preparedness, it is essential to identify the diagnostic challenges that will accompany the next pandemic. CONTENT We discuss the natural reservoir of influenza viruses and the possible role of livestock in the emergence of pandemic strains. The current commonly used molecular tests for influenza diagnosis or surveillance are also briefly reviewed. Some of these approaches are also used to detect animal viruses. Unfortunately, owing to a lack of systematic surveillance of animal influenza viruses, established tests may not be able to detect pandemic strains that have yet to emerge from the animal reservoir. Thus, multiple strategies need to be developed for better identification of influenza viruses. In addition, molecular assays for detection of mutations associated with antiviral resistance and for viral segment reassortments should also be encouraged. SUMMARY Influenza viruses are highly dynamic viruses. Regular and systematic influenza surveillance in both humans and animals is essential to provide a more comprehensive picture of the prevalent influenza viruses. To better prepare for the next pandemic, we should develop some simple and easy-to-use tests for characterizing newly emerging influenza viruses.

show abstract

“…One such threedimensional model is the multicellular spheroid that uses a self assembly process from cells suspended on wells coated with hydrophobic polymer. The changes in cell architecture from a monolayer to spheroid are associated with gene expression signature alterations (5,6) and with resistance to apoptosis.…”

Section: Rounding Up Apoptosis Resistance Targets In Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Exerts Continued Pressure in an Era of Modern Medicine

Noah

Matalon

2009

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Genetic subtyping of influenza A viruses using RT-PCR with a single set of primers based on conserved sequences within the HA2 coding region

Cited by 99 publications

References 13 publications

Cross-Seasonal Patterns of Avian Influenza Virus in Breeding and Wintering Migratory Birds: A Flyway Perspective

Cross-Seasonal Patterns of Avian Influenza Virus in Breeding and Wintering Migratory Birds: A Flyway Perspective

The Evolving Threat of Influenza Viruses of Animal Origin and the Challenges in Developing Appropriate Diagnostics

Influenza Exerts Continued Pressure in an Era of Modern Medicine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About