Genetic Structure of<i>Candida glabrata</i>Populations in AIDS and Non-AIDS Patients

Meeûs, Thierry De; Renaud, François; Mouveroux, E.; Reynes, Jacques; Galeazzi, G.; Mallié, M.; Bastide, J.-M.

doi:10.1128/jcm.40.6.2199-2206.2002

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…When these isolates were analyzed for their drug susceptibilities, no correlation between reduced susceptibility and the MLST or the PFGE genotype was found, which is in concordance with the findings presented in previous reports (15,16). No correlations were found between genotypes and clinical information, such as anatomic sources and hospital origin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Assessment of Candida glabrata Strain Relatedness by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Multilocus Sequence Typing

Lin

Chen

et al. 2007

J Clin Microbiol

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In this study, 80 Candida glabrata isolates from intensive care unit and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients were typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and mating type class determination. Among the 25 patients with multiple isolates, 19 patients (76%) contained multiple isolates exhibiting identical or highly related PFGE and MLST genotypes, which may indicate the maintenance or microvariation of one C. glabrata strain in each patient. However, isolates from six patients (24%) displayed different sequence types, PFGE genotypes, or mating type classes, which may indicate colonization with more than one clone over time or strain replacement. High correlations among PFGE genotypes, sequence types, and mating types were found (P < 0.01). MLST exhibited less discriminatory power than PFGE with BssHII. The genotypes, sequence types, and mating type classes were independent of anatomic sources, drug susceptibility, and HIV infection status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Assessment of Candida glabrata Strain Relatedness by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Multilocus Sequence Typing

Lin

Chen

et al. 2007

J Clin Microbiol

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“…We found that the most representative C. glabrata groups in Europe, the United States, and Japan were groups I and II, groups II and III, and groups III and IV, respectively. The population structure of C. glabrata is believed to be predominantly clonal (5). The results we have obtained on geographical specificity tend to support the conclusion that mixing between clades is depressed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…These have included the description of phenotypic switching (19,20), the demonstration of pseudohypha and tube formation (4,19), and the identification and characterization of a mating system that is similar to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (41,44). Studies of the population structure of the organism have also begun to emerge (5). To facilitate the latter, we have developed and begun to characterize a fingerprinting method based upon multilocus sequencing.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A number of different genetic fingerprinting methods have previously been applied to C. glabrata (40), including random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (22,24), pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (17,42), multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) (5), and fingerprinting with complex DNA probes (24). To date, there has only been one example of direct sequence comparison for typing C. glabrata (38).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multilocus Sequence Typing of Candidaglabrata Reveals Geographically EnrichedClades

Dodgson

Pujol

Denning³

et al. 2003

J Clin Microbiol

172

169

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The haploid pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata is the second most common Candida species isolated from cases of bloodstream infection. The clinical relevance of C. glabrata is enhanced by its reduced susceptibility to fluconazole. Despite this, little is known of the epidemiology or population structure of this species. We developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for C. glabrata and used it to fingerprint a geographically diverse collection of 107 clinical isolates and 2 reference strains. Appropriate loci were identified by amplifying and sequencing fragments of the coding regions of 11 C. glabrata genes in 10 unrelated isolates. The 6 most variable loci (FKS, LEU2, NMT1, TRP1, UGP1, and URA3) were sequenced in the collection of 109 isolates. From the 3,345 bp sequenced in each isolate, 81 nucleotide sites were found to be variable. These defined 30 STs among the 109 strains. The technique was validated by comparison with random amplified polymorphic DNA and the complex DNA fingerprinting probes Cg6 and Cg12. MLST identified 5 major clades among the isolates studied. Three of the clades exhibited significant geographical bias. Our data demonstrate for the first time, with such a large geographically diverse strain collection, that distinct genetic clades of C. glabrata prevail in different geographical regions.

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“…However, few tools are available to study the source of contamination, cross-contamination of patients at risk, and the biology of this yeast, which has, unlike C. albicans, a haploid genome (10). Studies of population structure have begun to emerge using enzymatic and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA typing (6) or sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 gene (24). Recently, a technique based on the sequencing of six variable-locus genes, or multilocus sequence typing (MLST), has been proposed as a powerful typing method (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Microsatellite Marker Analysis as a Typing System for Candida glabrata

et al. 2005

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Candida glabrata is one of the most important causes of nosocomial fungal infection. We investigated, using a multiplex PCR, three polymorphic microsatellite markers, RPM2, MTI, and ERG3, in order to obtain a rapid genotyping method for C. glabrata. One set of primers was designed for each locus, and one primer of each set was dye labeled to read PCR signals using an automatic sequencer. Eight reference strains including other Candida species and 138 independent C. glabrata clinical isolates were tested. The clinical isolates were collected from different anatomical sites of adult patients either hospitalized in different wards of two different hospitals or not hospitalized. Since C. glabrata is haploid, one single PCR product for each PCR set was obtained and assigned to an allele. The numbers of different alleles were 5, 7, and 15 for the RPM2, MTI, and ERG3 loci, respectively. The number of allelic associations was 21, leading to a discriminatory power of 0.84. The markers were stable after 25 subcultures, and the amplifications were specific for C. glabrata. A factorial correspondence analysis did not indicate any correlation between the 21 multilocus genotypes and the clinical data (source, sex, ward, anatomical sites). Microsatellite marker analysis is a rapid and reliable technique to investigate clinical issues concerning C. glabrata. However, its discriminatory power should be improved by testing other polymorphic microsatellite loci.Epidemiological surveillance of candidemia shows that although Candida albicans remains the main species, Candida glabrata is the second leading species recovered from blood cultures in Europe and in the United States (20, 28), especially in intensive care units (9). The same phenomenon is observed for recurrent vaginitis (25). Concern arises about this increase in the incidence of C. glabrata infections because of its frequent decreased sensitivity to azoles compared to C. albicans (14,22) and the high mortality rate of bloodstream infections (28,29).Investigations for C. glabrata have not been as extensive as for C. albicans. The epidemiology is thought to be similar to C. albicans (10). However, few tools are available to study the source of contamination, cross-contamination of patients at risk, and the biology of this yeast, which has, unlike C. albicans, a haploid genome (10). Studies of population structure have begun to emerge using enzymatic and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA typing (6) or sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 gene (24). Recently, a technique based on the sequencing of six variable-locus genes, or multilocus sequence typing (MLST), has been proposed as a powerful typing method (7). Microsatellites represent another class of genetic markers, defined as short tandem repeats of two to six nucleotides, known to be highly polymorphic (30). Primarily developed for human genetics, they are used for fungi (15) and more specifically for pathogenic fungi such as C. albicans (3-5, 19, 23, 26) and Aspergillus fumigatus (1, 2, 16, 17).We descri...

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Genetic Structure ofCandida glabrataPopulations in AIDS and Non-AIDS Patients

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

Assessment of Candida glabrata Strain Relatedness by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Multilocus Sequence Typing

Assessment of Candida glabrata Strain Relatedness by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Multilocus Sequence Typing

Multilocus Sequence Typing of Candidaglabrata Reveals Geographically EnrichedClades

Microsatellite Marker Analysis as a Typing System for Candida glabrata

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