Genetic structure and evolution of the incompatibility factors in higher fungi.

Koltin, Y.; Stamberg, J; Lemke, Paul A.

doi:10.1128/mmbr.36.2.156-171.1972

Cited by 40 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Among fungi, the sexiest must be the basidiomycete species that have evolvedmating systems with two or more specificities at each of two unlinked matingtype loci (55). These extraordinary tetrapolar mating systems engender literally thousands of different mating types within a single species.…”

Section: Mating In Basidiomycetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating Type in Filamentous Fungi

1997

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Mating type genes regulate sexual compatibility and sexual reproduction in fungi. This review focuses on recent molecular analyses of well-characterized mating systems from representative ascomycete (Neurospora crassa, Podospora anserina) and basidiomycete (Ustilago maydis, Coprinus cinereus, Schizophyllum commune) fungi. These mating systems include many conserved components, such as gene regulatory polypeptides and pheromone/receptor signal transduction cascades, as well as conserved processes, like self-nonself recognition and controlled nuclear migration. The components' structures and their genetic arrangements in the mating system vary greatly in different fungi. Although similar components and processes are also found in ascomycete yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe), the filamentous systems exhibit properties not encountered in yeast. Mating type genes act within, and control the development of, spatially differentiated fruiting bodies. The complex mating systems of basidiomycetes, unlike ascomycete systems, involve novel one-to-many specificity in both pheromone-receptor and homeodomain protein interactions.

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Section: Mating In Basidiomycetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating Type in Filamentous Fungi

1997

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“…Two individuals are mating incompatible if they share the same allele at either of the two factors. It has been estimated that 288 alleles at the A factor and 81 alleles at the B factor exist worldwide (Koltin et al 1972).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Limited Intercontinental Gene Flow in the Cosmopolitan Mushroom, Schizophyllum commune

James¹,

Porter²,

Hamrick³

et al. 1999

Evolution

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The genetic structure of populations of Schizophyllum commune was inferred from electrophoretic variation among 136 individuals at 11 polymorphic allozyme loci to determine the extent of geographic differentiation in this widespread mushroom species. The majority of the genetic variation was contained within populations; however, considerable genetic differentiation was observed among populations (global G ST = 0.214). Clustering analysis demonstrated that genetic distance was correlated with geographic distance and that a large component of the genetic variation was due to allele frequency differences among populations from the eastern and western hemispheres. Our results also suggest that populations are large and geographically widespread. The lack of fixed genetic differences among intercontinental populations at any of the allozyme loci suggests that long-distance spore dispersal may counter the effects of genetic drift in this cosmopolitan species. These results are contrasted with a previous description of the same collection, in which the mating allele distribution of the species displayed no population substructure at any geographic scale (Raper et al. 1958). Broader implications of this study are that both species and mating allele distributions may not be correlated with long-distance gene flow in basidiomycete fungi.

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“…By recombination analysis it was shown that both A and B factors of S. commune are composed of two closely linked, separate loci, each of which is multiallelic [1,13,[129][130][131][132][133]. In A, the two loci Ac~ and A/3 are linked within 8.1 cMorgan (centiMorgan representing recombination rates in percent) with the genetic markers pabl (para-amino benzoic acid synthesis) and ade5 (adenine synthesis) ertclosed by the two A loci.…”

Section: Both a And B Loci Are Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It had been speculated earlier that both A and B loci must have evolved from one progenitor sex locus, since it was assumed unlikely that multiallelic systems have evolved for two independent sex factors [1,129]. Molecular analysis has answered this question.…”

Section: Conclusion and Evolutionary Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetrapolar fungal mating types: Sexes by the thousands

Kothe

1996

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

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In order to achieve genetic rearrangement in a sexual cycle, eukaryotes go through the processes of meiosis and mating. Different mating types assure that mating is only possible between two genetically diverse individuals. Basidiomycetous fungi display thousands of different mating types that are determined by two genetically unlinked loci. One locus is multiallelic and contains genes for homeodomain transcription factors which are able to form heterodimers. The activation of target genes is dependent on heterodimers formed from the monomeric transcription factor proteins originating from different alleles of this genetic locus. The interactions between the two monomeric transcription factors and the activation of target genes by the heterodimeric proteins make this regulatory system both complex and interesting. The second locus contains a pheromone receptor system: the pheromone receptor is similar to the G protein-linked serpentine receptors in Saccharomyces cereeisiae that activate the pheromone response via a phosphorylation signal transduction cascade in S. cerevisiae. This pheromone perception is a trigger of sexual development and not, as with yeast, itself under cbntrol of mating type genes. Rather it directly senses diversity at the mating type loci. Whereas heterobasidiomycetes display a bi-allelic structure for this locus with recognition between one receptor and the opposite pheromone, homobasidiomycetes contain multiple specificities for pheromone receptors and pheromones.

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Genetic structure and evolution of the incompatibility factors in higher fungi.

Cited by 40 publications

References 45 publications

Mating Type in Filamentous Fungi

Mating Type in Filamentous Fungi

Evidence for Limited Intercontinental Gene Flow in the Cosmopolitan Mushroom, Schizophyllum commune

Tetrapolar fungal mating types: Sexes by the thousands

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