Genetic, spatial, and temporal aspects of decline and mortality in a Fraxinus provenance test following invasion by the emerald ash borer

Steiner, Kim C.; Graboski, Lake E.; Knight, Kathleen S.; Koch, Jennifer; Mason, Mary E.

doi:10.1007/s10530-019-02059-w

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Genomic DNA was extracted from tissues from across 93 accessions collected from a range-wide provenance trial (Steiner et al, 1988(Steiner et al, , 2019, as well as the parent trees of the genetic linkage map.…”

Section: Population Genetics and Trait Associationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This does not mean, however, that adaptive variation may not differ greatly among populations based on latitude, altitude or other environmental differences. A recent publication on variation in the timing and severity of EAB attacks across the same green ash provenance trial at Penn State(Steiner et al, 2019) reported that severity of infestation (density of adult emergence holes per unit bark area at death) was structured spatially in a pattern similar to Figure4chere, with trees from southern populations succumbing to a smaller population of successfully reared insects than northern populations. This spatial variation was similar to our results from the structure and PCA analyses of the SNP data, which also suggested Northern and Southern subgroups overlapping along the Appalachian mountain range.Steiner et al (…”

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confidence: 99%

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A high‐quality reference genome for Fraxinus pennsylvanica for ash species restoration and research

Huff

Seaman

et al. 2021

Molecular Ecology Resources

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Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) is the most widely distributed ash tree in North America. Once common, it has experienced high mortality from the non‐native invasive emerald ash borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis). A small percentage of native green ash trees that remain healthy in long‐infested areas, termed “lingering ash,” display partial resistance to the insect, indicating that breeding and propagating populations with higher resistance to EAB may be possible. To assist in ash breeding, ecology and evolution studies, we report the first chromosome‐level assembly from the genus Fraxinus for F. pennsylvanica with over 99% of bases anchored to 23 haploid chromosomes, spanning 757 Mb in total, composed of 49.43% repetitive DNA, and containing 35,470 high‐confidence gene models assigned to 22,976 Asterid orthogroups. We also present results of range‐wide genetic variation studies, the identification of candidate genes for important traits including potential EAB‐resistance genes, and an investigation of comparative genome organization among Asterids based on this reference genome platform. Residual duplicated regions within the genome probably resulting from a recent whole genome duplication event in Oleaceae were visualized in relation to wild olive (Olea europaea var. sylvestris). We used our F. pennsylvanica chromosome assembly to construct reference‐guided assemblies of 27 previously sequenced Fraxinus taxa, including F. excelsior. Thus, we present a significant step forward in genomic resources for research and protection of Fraxinus species.

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Section: Population Genetics and Trait Associationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

A high‐quality reference genome for Fraxinus pennsylvanica for ash species restoration and research

Huff

Seaman

et al. 2021

Molecular Ecology Resources

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“…Genetic variation in drought responses, for populations or for individual trees (Moran et al, 2017), influences outbreak patterns of climate stress diseases. Natural variation associated with climate of seed source and disease tolerance has been demonstrated using provenance tests, for the Swiss needle cast example (Montwé et al, 2021; Wilhelmi et al, 2017) and for other tree diseases (e.gMcDermott & Robinson, 1989; Morton & Zhu, 1986; Steiner et al, 2019). These data may be coupled with climate change models to identify populations at risk of climate maladaptation and associated disease (Rehfeldt, 2004; Rehfeldt et al, 1999; Rehfeldt et al, 2014; St. Clair & Howe, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Predisposing Factors and Tree Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of a conceptual framework to assess climate controls of forest tree diseases

et al. 2021

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A conceptual framework for climate involvement in forest tree diseases was applied to seven examples to demonstrate its suitability for different disease types: cases where climate favours pathogen biology which then leads to tree mortality or where diseases are caused primarily by climate-driven physiological injury or stress to trees.Hypotheses for climate involvement are derived from detection and monitoring data to express associations of weather or climate factors with disease development at several spatial and temporal scales. Research findings contribute to an understanding of temperature, precipitation and related climate variables that influence biotic and abiotic diseases. To demonstrate use of the framework, we accessed information from the literature which exposed data and information gaps. Among various simulated approaches to test associations of climate and disease, we found disease risk factor models that use climate inputs derived from monitoring and research provide the best understanding of climate-disease relationships. These model outputs project future disease scenarios that can be used to inform climate adaptation strategies. Conservation and management implications for current and likely future climatic conditions are provided for each disease example. The most common guidance in managed landscapes is to move the imperilled tree species to areas of lower projected climate risk and to favour non-host, climate-adapted tree species where the disease is occurring.

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“…The mean tree age at time of measurement was 35 years (range 33–37). An invasive insect, the emerald ash borer, has since destroyed most plantations, but at the time of measurement it was either not present or present in such low numbers that its effect on survival and growth was negligible (Steiner et al., 2019). Data elements used in subsequent analyses were population mean percentage survival, by plantation, and population mean annual diameter growth (DBH divided by age, in mm/year), by plantation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty in the modelled mortality of two tree species (Fraxinus) under novel climatic regimes

Steiner

Graboski

Berkebile

et al. 2021

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim: Based upon species distribution models (SDMs), many studies have predicted that climate change will cause regional extinctions of tree species within the next 50-100 years. SDM-based predictions have been challenged on procedural and theoretical grounds, but for tree species they are largely beyond the practical reach of direct experimental validation. Here we report the experimental consequences of moving seedlings from ~50 natural populations of each of two ash (Fraxinus) species to experimental sites spanning a range of 10°C colder to 10°C warmer (mean annual temperature) than home environments.Location: Eastern North America. Methods:We measured population-by-test-site survival percentages and mean trunk diameters at an average age of 35 years. We then used linear, mixed-effect models to develop transfer functions for each species and predict survival and mean annual growth as functions of fixed and random effects including, especially, the climatic distance (CD) between test site and home environment.Results: Survival and growth were highest at CD ≈ 0 and declined as populations were moved to warmer or colder environments, indicating that survival and growth were optimal when populations were in home-like climates. However, variance around the model fit was substantial, and we could not statistically detect, even at α = .50, elevated mortality following displacements into environments 3.5°C (white ash) and 4.1°C (green ash) warmer in mean annual temperature. Survival rates of 80%-100% were common even within populations subjected to warming conditions greater than those predicted to cause meso-scale extinctions in this century. We show that within-population genetic variance, phenotypic plasticity and idiosyncratic aspects of the non-climatic environment and its interaction with genotype each likely contributed to these unexpected responses to climatic displacement. Main conclusions:Results emphasize the uncertainty that underlies predictions of climate-induced extinctions of long-lived woody plants over time frames of 50 to perhaps 100 years into the future.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Genetic, spatial, and temporal aspects of decline and mortality in a Fraxinus provenance test following invasion by the emerald ash borer

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

A high‐quality reference genome for Fraxinus pennsylvanica for ash species restoration and research

A high‐quality reference genome for Fraxinus pennsylvanica for ash species restoration and research

Applications of a conceptual framework to assess climate controls of forest tree diseases

Uncertainty in the modelled mortality of two tree species (Fraxinus) under novel climatic regimes

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