Genetic risk, parental history, and suicide attempts in a diverse sample of US adolescents

Abstract

BackgroundAdolescent suicide is a major health problem in the US marked by a recent increase in risk of suicidal behavior among Black/African American youth. While genetic factors partly account for familial transmission of suicidal behavior, it is not clear whether polygenic risk scores of suicide attempt can contribute to suicide risk classification.ObjectivesTo evaluate the contribution of a polygenic risk score for suicide attempt (PRS-SA) in explaining variance in suicide attempt by early adolescence.MethodsWe studied N = 5,214 non-related youth of African and European genetic ancestry from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (ages 8.9–13.8 years) who were evaluated between 2016 and 2021. Regression models tested associations between PRS-SA and parental history of suicide attempt/death with youth-reported suicide attempt. Covariates included age and sex.ResultsOver three waves of assessments, 182 youth (3.5%) reported a past suicide attempt, with Black youth reporting significantly more suicide attempts than their White counterparts (6.1 vs. 2.8%, p < 0.001). PRS-SA was associated with suicide attempt [odds ratio (OR) = 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–1.5, p = 0.001]. Parental history of suicide attempt/death was also associated with youth suicide attempt (OR = 3.1, 95% CI, 2.0–4.7, p < 0.001). PRS-SA remained significantly associated with suicide attempt even when accounting for parental history (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.1–1.5, p = 0.002). In European ancestry youth (n = 4,128), inclusion of PRS-SA in models containing parental history explained more variance in suicide attempt compared to models that included only parental history (ΔR2 = 0.7%, p = 0.009).ConclusionsFindings suggest that PRS-SA may be useful for youth suicide risk classification in addition to established risk factors.

Genetic, environmental, and behavioral correlates of lifetime suicide attempt: Analysis of additive and interactive effects in two cohorts of US Army soldiers

“…Emerging evidence supports this supposition, with initial studies showing that SA-PRS differentiate suicide attempt cases versus controls among adults with mood disorders and schizophrenia [ 12 ]. SA-PRS have also been shown to predict suicide attempt among children and adolescents, independent of effects of other risk factors such as other psychiatric polygenic risk scores (PRS), family history of suicidal behavior, and measures of temperament and psychopathology [ 16 , 17 ].…”