“…Few studies have yet considered EC in relation to depressive symptoms, but those doing so have generally found low levels of EC to be associated with elevated depressive and internalizing symptoms (see Carver et al, 2008). This is true both concurrently (e.g., Loukas & Roalson, 2006;Muris, 2006;Verstraeten, Vasey, Raes, & Bijttebier, 2009;Yap et al, 2011) and prospectively (Lemery-Chalfant, Doelger, & Goldsmith, 2008;Oldehinkel, Hartman, Ferdinand, Verhulst, & Ormel, 2007), though studies looking specifically at depressive symptoms have thus far not found a prospective association (Loukas & Roalson, 2006;Verstraeten et al, 2009). Similarly, research on conscientiousness demonstrates a clear negative association with concurrent depressive symptoms, though studies examining the role of conscientiousness in the development of depressive symptoms over time are lacking (see Klein et al, 2011;Kotov, Gamez, Schmidt, & Watson, 2010).…”