Genetic relatedness of oral yeasts within and between patients with marginal periodontitis and subjects with oral health

Song, Xianmin; Eribe, Emenike Ribs K.; Sun, Jinglu; Hansen, B. Frode; Olsen, Ingar

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.2005.00816.x

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Candida isolates were subsequently definitively identified by substrate assimilation profile analysis and by PCR. Several previous studies that reported Candida species isolated from periodontitis patients used conventional mycological media such as Sabouraud's agar for the primary isolation of Candida species (5,27,33). However, colonies of several Candida species can appear to be indistinguishable following primary culture on such media, resulting in a failure to detect mixed species from clinical specimens (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Several previous studies investigated the genetic relatedness of C. albicans isolates recovered from the periodontal pockets, gingival sulci, and oral mucosae of patients with periodontitis by using molecular typing techniques such as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting, electrophoretic karyotyping, and ABC genotyping, with the latter technique being based on the presence or absence of an intron in the 25S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (1,24,32,33). Pizzo et al (24) previously used electrophoretic karyotyping to show that some C. albicans genotypes are unique to subgingival isolates, suggesting some adaptation to this environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Enrichment of Multilocus Sequence Typing Clade 1 with Oral Candida albicans Isolates in Patients with Untreated Periodontitis

et al. 2012

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cThis study investigated the prevalence and cell density of Candida species in periodontal pockets, healthy subgingival sites, and oral rinse samples of patients with untreated periodontitis. Twenty-one periodontitis patients underwent sampling at two periodontitis sites, and 19/21 of these patients underwent sampling at one periodontally healthy site. Both paper point and curette sampling techniques were employed. The periodontitis patients and 50 healthy subjects were also sampled by oral rinse. Candida isolates were recovered on CHROMagar Candida medium, and representative isolates were identified. Candida spp. were recovered from 10/21 (46.7%) periodontitis patients and from 16/50 (32%) healthy subjects. C. albicans predominated in both groups and was recovered from all Candida-positive subjects. Candida-positive periodontitis patients yielded Candida from periodontal pockets with average densities of 3,528 and 3,910 CFU/sample from curette and paper point samples, respectively, and 1,536 CFU/ml from oral rinse samples. The majority (18/19) of the healthy sites sampled from periodontitis patients were Candida negative. The 16 Candida-positive healthy subjects yielded an average of 279 CFU/ml from oral rinse samples. C. albicans isolates were investigated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to determine if specific clonal groups were associated with periodontitis. MLST analysis of 31 C. albicans isolates from periodontitis patients yielded 19 sequence types (STs), 13 of which were novel. Eleven STs belonged to MLST clade 1. In contrast, 16 C. albicans isolates from separate healthy subjects belonged to 16 STs, with 4 isolates belonging to clade 1. The distributions of STs between both groups were significantly different (P ‫؍‬ 0.04) and indicated an enrichment of C. albicans isolates in periodontal pockets, which warrants a larger study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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confidence: 99%

Enrichment of Multilocus Sequence Typing Clade 1 with Oral Candida albicans Isolates in Patients with Untreated Periodontitis

et al. 2012

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“…Many culture-dependent studies on the eukaryotes inhabiting different human niches have readily isolated yeasts, such as Candida sp, from the mouth, fingernail, toenail and rectum of healthy hosts (Kam and Xu, 2002;Song et al, 2005). However, culture-independent surveys of eukaryotic populations of the human GI tract are negligible and are perhaps limited to one publication with no sequence data reported (Kuhbacher et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-eukaryotic diversity of the human distal gut microbiota: qualitative assessment using culture-dependent and -independent analysis of faeces

2008

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Molecular ecological surveys of the human gut microbiota to date have focused on the prokaryotic fraction of the community and have revealed a remarkable degree of bacterial diversity and functionality. However, there is a dearth of information on the eukaryotic composition of the microbiota, and no culture-independent sequence-based surveys of human faeces are available. Culture-independent analyses based on DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction targeting both the total eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes and fungal internal transcribed regions (ITS), together with culture-dependent analyses of fungi, were performed on a group of healthy volunteers. Temporal analysis was also included wherever possible. Collectively, the data presented in this study indicate that eukaryotic diversity of the human gut is low, largely temporally stable and predominated by different subtypes of Blastocystis. Specific analyses of the fungal populations indicate that a disparity exists between the cultivable fraction, which is dominated by Candida sp, and cultureindependent analysis, where sequences identical to members of the genera Gloeotinia/Paecilomyces and Galactomyces were most frequently retrieved from both fungal ITS profiles and subsequent clone libraries. Collectively, these results highlight the presence of unprecedented intestinal eukaryotic inhabitants whose functional roles are as yet unknown in healthy individuals. Furthermore, differences between results obtained from traditionally employed culture-based methods and those obtained from culture-independent techniques highlight similar anomalies to that encountered when first analysing the bacterial diversity of the human faecal microbiota using culture-independent surveys.

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“…The first culture-independent analysis of the mycobiota populating a mammalian intestine revealed a previously unidentified diversity and abundance of fungal species in the murine gastrointestinal tract [17], indicating that fungi belonging to four major fungal phyla, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Zygomycota, account for approximately 2-3% of the total community present in a mucus biofilm. Many culture-dependent studies on various human niches have readily isolated yeasts, such as Candida spp., from the mouth, fingernail, toenail, and rectum of healthy hosts [20]. Microbial eukaryotes have also been suggested as the causative agents of diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and "leaky gut" syndrome [16,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Richness and diversity of mammalian fungal communities shape innate and adaptive immunity in health and disease

2014

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Human holobiomes are networks of mutualistic interactions between human cells and complex communities of bacteria and fungi that colonize the human body. The immune system must tolerate colonization with commensal bacteria and fungi but defend against invasion by either organism. Molecular ecological surveys of the human prokaryotic microbiota performed to date have revealed a remarkable degree of bacterial diversity and functionality. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the eukaryotic composition of the microbiota. In this review, we describe the ecology and the human niches of our fungal "fellow travelers" in both health and disease, discriminating between passengers, colonizers, and pathogens based on the interaction of these fungi with the human immune system. We conclude by highlighting the need to reconsider the etiology of many fungal and immune-related diseases in the context of the crosstalk between the human system and its resident microbial communities.Keywords: Dysbiosis r Fungal metagenomics r Host-microbe interaction r Mycobiota IntroductionHumans live in close association with a complex community of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea [1][2][3], which inhabit their bodies. Many groups have surveyed these microbial populations using the so-called "next generation" or "deep" sequencing approaches, revealing that the human microbiota differs radically at various body sites and among individuals [2][3][4]. The differences in the human microbiota are influenced by the availability of nutrients, environmental exposure to microorganisms, and other sitespecific features, such as the immunological makeup of a given location. The origin of differences in the microbiota between individuals potentially reflects different patterns of colonization early in life (reviewed in [5]), different dietary regimens [6,7], and different environmental exposures, such as antibiotic use [8,9]. Recently, the application of deep sequencing approaches have genCorrespondence: Dr. Duccio Cavalieri e-mail: duccio.cavalieri@fmach.it erated novel hypotheses about the microbial determinants underlying human disorders of immune origin (reviewed in [10]). Several metabolites of the interaction between diet and host microbiota, such as short-chain fatty acids, have been shown to play a fundamental role in shaping immune responses (reviewed in [11]). The application of microbial ecology concepts is ultimately leading to the conclusion that health and disease can be understood only through an understanding of the ways in which the symbiotic interactions between microbes and human organs harmonically integrate in the context of the hologenome [12].Human microbial diversity is not limited to bacteria; microorganisms such as fungi also play major roles in the stability of microbial communities in human health and disease (reviewed in [13]). Yeasts were detected in human stool samples as far back as 1917, and by the mid-20th century the presence of yeasts in the human intestine was proposed to have a saprotrophic role [14]....

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Genetic relatedness of oral yeasts within and between patients with marginal periodontitis and subjects with oral health

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Enrichment of Multilocus Sequence Typing Clade 1 with Oral Candida albicans Isolates in Patients with Untreated Periodontitis

Enrichment of Multilocus Sequence Typing Clade 1 with Oral Candida albicans Isolates in Patients with Untreated Periodontitis

Micro-eukaryotic diversity of the human distal gut microbiota: qualitative assessment using culture-dependent and -independent analysis of faeces

Richness and diversity of mammalian fungal communities shape innate and adaptive immunity in health and disease

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