Genetic Relatedness of Influenza Viruses (RNA and Protein)

Scholtissek, Christoph

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-8706-7_4

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Relatively few influenza A subtypes have been found in humans, and only the H3N2 and H1N1 subtypes are currently circulating (along with influenza B). The main cause of antigenic shift is believed to be acquisition of novel HA‐NA combinations by human influenza A viruses from genetic reassortment with animal or avian viruses 10,11 . Because there is no previous exposure of the human population to the new virus subtype, there is no pre‐existing immunity, attack rates are very high (up to 50% in the general population and even higher in selected populations) and the virus spreads rapidly 3 .…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Influenzamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuraminidase Inhibitors: Progress in the Management of Influenza

Woodhead

Lavanchy

Johnston

et al. 2000

Int J Clinical Practice

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SUMMARYInfluenza is a serious respiratory illness and represents a significant clinical burden. As well as being debilitating, influenza can often cause complications leading to hospitalisation and death. Prophylaxis by vaccination is the preferred method of disease management, but because influenza viruses are constantly changing their antigenic properties, influenza outbreaks occur regularly as epidemics. Neuraminidase inhibitors are a new class of anti‐influenza drugs designed to block influenza virus replication. Two neuraminidase inhibitors, zanamivir and oseltamivir, have been licensed for clinical use in the treatment of influenza. Both drugs significantly reduce the severity and duration of the illness when treatment is started within two days of the onset of symptoms. However, while zanamivir and oseltamivir have apparently similar efficacy, they differ in their modes of delivery and tolerability. Zanamivir is delivered direct to the lungs by inhalation and is well tolerated. Oseltamivir is taken in the form of a pill but has the side‐effect of producing nausea and vomiting in some patients. In the absence of a demonstrable difference in efficacy, uptake of the two drugs will depend on evaluation of the relative merits of mode of delivery and tolerability.

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Section: Epidemiology Of Influenzamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuraminidase Inhibitors: Progress in the Management of Influenza

Woodhead

Lavanchy

Johnston

et al. 2000

Int J Clinical Practice

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show abstract

“…It is generally considered that the ideal reassortant for vaccine production contains the HA and NA for the wild-type virus in combination with the six internal genes from the PR-8 laboratory-adapted strain [3]. The origins of the reassortant virus HAs and NAs are readily identified by either immunological or genetic methods due to significant differences between PR-8 and wild-type viruses [4]; however, identification of the origin of the other six genes is more difficult due to greater sequence conservation [5]. A number of studies have indicated that inheritance of the matrix protein gene from the PR-8 donor is critical to obtaining high-yielding vaccine reassortants [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%