Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms in the Synthesis of Proteins

Neuropsychiatry – Subject, Concepts, Methods, and Computational Models

“…In the 1950s, the dogma of the unidirectionality of genetic control of the organism was raised. In the 1960s, it had to be revisited when the Nobel laureates Francoise Jacob and Jacques Monod detected the circular regulatory mechanisms of gene expression (Jacob and Monod, 1961) -proteins synthesized after gene transcription can repress their own transcription or the transcription of other genes (negative feedback; Figure 2.27). Regulation and Table 2.11 Some susceptibility genes for schizophrenia (Thome, 2005;Harrison and Weinberger, 2005;Stahl, 2008a).…”

“…Various types of genes were identified, such as structural genes, promoter genes, operator genes and regulator genes. They constitute the operon as a functional subunit in the genome, as identified in bacteria by Jacob and Monod, and therefore it is also called the operon model (Jacob and Monod, 1961). Thus, in the systemic view, the simple concept that genes determine the structure and the function of the proteins and their expression is not precise enough.…”

Yeast as a Prototype for Systems Biology

“…The discovery of signaling pathways controlling fundamental physiology [79] led to the application of nonlinear dynamics to understand gene regulation analogous to electric circuits and the development of the concept of a regulatory network. However, in the pregenomic era, the lack of sufficient experimental techniques precluded further expansion in this field.…”

A History of Protein Biosynthesis and Ribosome Research

“…What they found was that newly synthesized radioactive phage RNA indeed became associated with pre-existing heavy ribosomes [140]. 'Messenger RNA' [141] now assumed the general meaning of a molecular information transmitter whose transcription was controlled by feedback loops according to the operon model (see Fig. 1-16).…”