Genetic reassortants for identification of the genome segment coding for the bluetongue virus hemagglutinin

Cowley, Jeff A.; Gorman, B. M.

doi:10.1128/jvi.61.7.2304-2306.1987

Cited by 46 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The purified VP2 agglutinates erythrocytes. We and others have reported previously that the virus HA activity of the BTV virion may be associated with VP2, although no direct evidence had been presented (4,6,20,26). To demonstrate unequivocally that VP2 is indeed the hemagglutinin of BTV and to examine whether the purified protein retained its biological activity, the HA activity of VP2 was assessed by using a direct HA assay system as well as the HI test as described in Materials and Methods.…”

Section: High-level Expression and Rapid Purification Of S-vp2mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Generally, in most animal viruses, virus attachment to the cell surface requires the recognition of and interaction with specific cellular receptors by a virus attachment protein prior to entry into the host cell. For BTV, of the seven structural proteins, VP2 is the most likely candidate for the virus attachment protein due to its outermost location on the virion, its involvement in serotype-specific virus neutralization and hemagglutination activity, and the fact that it provides protective immunity to animals (4,6,20,23,26). This view had also been supported by earlier studies which showed that virion particles lacking VP2, but with exposed VP5 and possibly VP7, were incapable of binding to BHK-21 cells, indicating that VP2 may be responsible for cell binding (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Expression and Functional Characterization of Bluetongue Virus VP2 Protein: Role in Cell Entry

Hassan

Roy

1999

J Virol

120

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Segment 2 of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 10, which encodes the outer capsid protein VP2, was tagged with the S-peptide fragment of RNase A and expressed by a recombinant baculovirus. The recombinant protein was subsequently purified to homogeneity by virtue of the S tag, and the oligomeric nature of the purified protein was determined. The data obtained indicated that the majority of the protein forms a dimer and, to a lesser extent, some trimer. The recombinant protein was used to determine various biological functions of VP2. The purified VP2 was shown to have virus hemagglutinin activity and was antigenically indistinguishable from the VP2 of the virion. Whether VP2 is responsible for BTV entry into permissive cells was subsequently assessed by cell surface attachment and internalization studies with an immunofluorescence assay system. The results demonstrated that VP2 alone is responsible for virus entry into mammalian cells. By competition assay, it appeared that both VP2 and the BTV virion attached to the same cell surface molecule(s). The purified VP2 also had a strong affinity for binding to glycophorin A, a sialoglycoprotein component of erythrocytes, indicating that VP2 may be responsible for BTV transmission by the Culicoides vector to vertebrate hosts during blood feeding. Further, by various enzymatic treatments of BTV-permissive L929 cells, preliminary data have been obtained which indicated that the BTV receptor molecule(s) is likely to be a glycoprotein and that either the protein moiety of the glycoprotein or a second protein molecule could also serve as a coreceptor for BTV infection.

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Section: High-level Expression and Rapid Purification Of S-vp2mentioning

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and Functional Characterization of Bluetongue Virus VP2 Protein: Role in Cell Entry

Hassan

Roy

1999

J Virol

120

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“…The haemagglutination (HA) property of BTV was independent of variations in the pH, temperature, buffer system and host species of erythrocytes. For this non-uniformity and lowered HA activity of BTV, HA test is not been widely used (Cowley and Gorman 1987 ). The HA property was inhibited by serotype specific serum and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was developed to identify various BTV serotypes and to determine BTV antibodies.…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosis Of Btmentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated review on bluetongue virus: epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control with special reference to India

Saminathan

Singh

Khorajiya

et al. 2020

Veterinary Quarterly

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Bluetongue (BT) is an economically important, non-contagious viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. BT is caused by BT virus (BTV) and it belongs to the genus Orbivirus and family Reoviridae. BTV is transmitted by Culicoides midges and causes clinical disease in sheep, white-tailed deer, pronghorn antelope, bighorn sheep, and subclinical manifestation in cattle, goats and camelids. BT is a World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) listed multispecies disease and causes great socio-economic losses. To date, 28 serotypes of BTV have been reported worldwide and 23 serotypes have been reported from India. Transplacental transmission (TPT) and fetal abnormalities in ruminants had been reported with cell culture adopted live-attenuated vaccine strains of BTV. However, emergence of BTV-8 in Europe during 2006, confirmed TPT of wild-type/field strains of BTV. Diagnosis of BT is more important for control of disease and to ensure BTV-free trade of animals and their products. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, agar gel immunodiffusion assay and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are found to be sensitive and OIE recommended tests for diagnosis of BTV for international trade. Control measures include mass vaccination (most effective method), serological and entomological surveillance, forming restriction zones and sentinel programs. Major hindrances with control of BT in India are the presence of multiple BTV serotypes, high density of ruminant and vector populations. A pentavalent inactivated, adjuvanted vaccine is administered currently in India to control BT. Recombinant vaccines with DIVA strategies are urgently needed to combat this disease. This review is the first to summarise the seroprevalence of BTV in India for 40 years, economic impact and pathobiology.

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“…The genomic sequences, L2 and MS, which encode these proteins are the least conserved of the BTV genome Heidneret al, 1991;. The VP2 protein is the hemagglutinin and is responsible for the attachment of the virus to cell receptors (Cowley and Gorman, 1987;Huismans and Van Dijk, 1990). The protein is also the antigen that determines the virus serotype, and the serotype-specific neutralizing antibody elicited in response to VP2 will confer protection to an animal against reinfection with the same serotype .…”

Section: Bluetongue Virus Structure and Genome Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a reverse transcriptase multiplex PCR test for the serotype determination of U.S. isolates of bluetongue virus

Johnson¹,

Wilson²,

Paul

2000

Veterinary Microbiology

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Bluetongue (BT) is an arthropod-borne viral disease affecting ruminants primarily in tropical and temperate regions of the world. Of the 24 serotypes of BT virus (BTV) identified worldwide, five have been found in the United States. Serotype identification of BTV isolates is important to the epidemiology of the virus, but current methods are cumbersome. A single-tube multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay, previously developed for the serotype determination of U.S. BTV isolates, was evaluated. The determination of serotype was based on the size of the resultant amplified product. The procedure was evaluated using all 24 serotypes of BTV and nine serotypes of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), a closely related orbivirus. Only the five U.S. serotypes of BTV were detected by the mRT-PCR. The assay was further tested using 132 BTV isolates originating from 24 western and southern states of the United States, from several different host species, spanning a period of 24 years. The serotypes of the isolates were determined by both a virus neutralization (VN) procedure and the mRT-PCR. Comparison of the mRT-PCR to the standard VN showed that the mRT-PCR successfully identified the serotypes of 130 of the isolates and was shown to be more reliable and specific than the VN assay.

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Genetic reassortants for identification of the genome segment coding for the bluetongue virus hemagglutinin

Cited by 46 publications

References 29 publications

Expression and Functional Characterization of Bluetongue Virus VP2 Protein: Role in Cell Entry

Expression and Functional Characterization of Bluetongue Virus VP2 Protein: Role in Cell Entry

An updated review on bluetongue virus: epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control with special reference to India

Validation of a reverse transcriptase multiplex PCR test for the serotype determination of U.S. isolates of bluetongue virus

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