Genetic Profiling of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotype B Isolated from Periodontitis Patients Living in Sweden

Johansson, Anders; Claesson, Rolf; Åberg, Carola Höglund; Haubek, Dorte; Lindholm, Mark; Jasim, Sarah; Oscarsson, Jan

doi:10.3390/pathogens8030153

Cited by 20 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These isolates represent a subgroup of serotype b with a high association with disease progression in the infected individual. Genetic characterization of this subgroup showed a genetic pattern with similarities to that of the JP2 genotype, and such strains are frequently carried by young individuals with periodontitis [2,38,42]. A specific genetic marker (cagE) correlates to A. actinomycetemcomitans with enhanced leukotoxicity, including the JP2 genotype and other virulent serotype b isolates [42,43].…”

Section: Ltxa Productionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Genetic characterization of this subgroup showed a genetic pattern with similarities to that of the JP2 genotype, and such strains are frequently carried by young individuals with periodontitis [2,38,42]. A specific genetic marker (cagE) correlates to A. actinomycetemcomitans with enhanced leukotoxicity, including the JP2 genotype and other virulent serotype b isolates [42,43]. Interestingly, the activity of LtxA has been reported to be involved in induction of systemic autoantibodies to citrulline, which are risk markers for rheumatoid arthritis [17,44].…”

Section: Ltxa Productionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Virulence and Pathogenicity Properties of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

et al. 2019

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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a periodontal pathogen colonizing the oral cavity of a large proportion of the human population. It is equipped with several potent virulence factors that can cause cell death and induce or evade inflammation. Because of the large genetic diversity within the species, both harmless and highly virulent genotypes of the bacterium have emerged. The oral condition and age, as well as the geographic origin of the individual, influence the risk to be colonized by a virulent genotype of the bacterium. In the present review, the virulence and pathogenicity properties of A. actinomycetemcomitans will be addressed.

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Section: Ltxa Productionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Ltxa Productionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Virulence and Pathogenicity Properties of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

et al. 2019

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“…Three recent discoveries may have an impact on future understanding of A. actinomycetemcomitans virulence. First, recent disclosure indicates that specific serotype b strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans that contain a CagE presence and a complete cdtABC gene operon are more pathogenic than strains that lack this genotype [50]. It is proposed that these strains could serve as a risk marker for aggressive disease and produce levels of leukotoxin that are comparable to JP2 promoter region strains through some mechanism as yet to be described [50].…”

Section: Leukotoxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, recent disclosure indicates that specific serotype b strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans that contain a CagE presence and a complete cdtABC gene operon are more pathogenic than strains that lack this genotype [50]. It is proposed that these strains could serve as a risk marker for aggressive disease and produce levels of leukotoxin that are comparable to JP2 promoter region strains through some mechanism as yet to be described [50]. This finding takes the emphasis off the JP2 strain type and places the focus on leukotoxin levels as a key virulence determinant [50].…”

Section: Leukotoxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is proposed that these strains could serve as a risk marker for aggressive disease and produce levels of leukotoxin that are comparable to JP2 promoter region strains through some mechanism as yet to be described [50]. This finding takes the emphasis off the JP2 strain type and places the focus on leukotoxin levels as a key virulence determinant [50]. Second, a recent discovery shows that the JP2 promoter region contains a 100 base pair segment closest to the ltxC gene that has a weak terminator [51].…”

Section: Leukotoxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aggregatibacter, a Low Abundance Pathobiont That Influences Biogeography, Microbial Dysbiosis, and Host Defense Capabilities in Periodontitis: The History of a Bug, and Localization of Disease

2020

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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, the focus of this review, was initially proposed as a microbe directly related to a phenotypically distinct form of periodontitis called localized juvenile periodontitis. At the time, it seemed as if specific microbes were implicated as the cause of distinct forms of disease. Over the years, much has changed. The sense that specific microbes relate to distinct forms of disease has been challenged, as has the sense that distinct forms of periodontitis exist. This review consists of two components. The first part is presented as a detective story where we attempt to determine what role, if any, Aggregatibacter plays as a participant in disease. The second part describes landscape ecology in the context of how the host environment shapes the framework of local microbial dysbiosis. We then conjecture as to how the local host response may limit the damage caused by pathobionts. We propose that the host may overcome the constant barrage of a dysbiotic microbiota by confining it to a local tooth site. We conclude speculating that the host response can confine local damage by restricting bacteremic translocation of members of the oral microbiota to distant organs thus constraining morbidity and mortality of the host.

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