Genetic potential of segregating populations of red beans conducted by the bulk method with selection

Abstract

ABSTRACT. This study evaluated the performance and estimated the genetic potential of segregating populations of red bean. Twenty populations of the second cycle of recurrent selection for red bean breeding at Universidade Federal de Viçosa were advanced to the F 5 generation in bulk with selection for grain appearance. Populations plus five controls were evaluated for grain yield in three dry seasons (2004, 2005, and 2007) in a 5 x 5 lattice design with three replications, in four 4-m long rows. In the mean of the three crops, populations formed three distinct groups in which some populations had a clearly superior grain yield. Populations 288RVCI, 291RVCI, 295RVCI, 297RVCI, 300RVCI, and 303RVCI were the most promising. Over generations, segregating populations by the bulk method with selection for grain appearance may have reduced variability in grain yield. The 300RVCI population deserves further attention as it combines variability, high mean, and a high probability of generating above-standard lines.

Selecting common bean breeding populations via mixed models

“…Oliveira et al (2015) also reported low estimates of individual heritability for HD, associating the great environment influence in the obtainment of individual phenotypic data. Other studies using individual plant data in common bean have already been reported in the literature, which highlighted the difficulty in obtaining reliable values for mass selection (Menezes Júnior et al, 2016Rocha et al, 2013. Westneat et al (2015) reported that errors associated with individual plant measurements are unavoidable for they are not homogeneous at the sampling time, and each plant can uniquely interact with the environment.…”

“…The equivalence between the mixed model and the Jinks and Pooni's methodologies in indicating the most promising populations to be included in a recurrent selection program confirms that both can be used for this purpose. The Jinks and Pooni's methodology has been routinely used in annual crops, leading to satisfactory results (Cunha et al, 2005, Menezes Júnior et al, 2016, Morais Júnior et al, 2015. However, reliable estimates of the genetic parameters of the populations cannot be obtained, nor can the individual genetic values.…”

“…The Jinks and Pooni's (1976) methodology has assisted bean breeders in choosing the best breeding populations (Cunha et al, 2005;Menezes Júnior et al, 2016;Otubo et al, 1996;Rocha et al, 2013). However, this methodology is based only on individual plants data, which varies among populations due to differences in the final stand.…”

“…Furthermore, the population evaluation excludes the existence of experiments with replications. Thus, the Jinks and Pooni's methodology hinders a highly accurate estimation of variance components (Menezes Júnior et al, 2016).…”

Cosmological signatures of anisotropic spatial curvature

“…This can be done either by introducing a stress component in the energy-momentum tensor [21] or a two-form field [24]. We can also take the simpler route provided by the choice of scalar fields, which can be chosen to be a real massless field in the BIII case [22,23], or a complex massless field in the KS case [33]. Thus, our matter sector is composed of two fields: the inflaton, whose perturbations can be introduced exactly as in the FLRW case (see, for example, [34]), and the above anisotropic and massless scalar field φ(η, x).…”