Genetic populations of<i>Bacillus anthracis</i>isolates from Korea

Jung, Kyoung Hwa; Kim, Sang Hoon; Kim, Se Kye; Cho, Soo Young; Chai, Jin Choul; Lee, Young Seek; Kim, Ji Cheon; Kim, Seoung Joo; Oh, Hee-Bok; Chai, Young Gyu

doi:10.4142/jvs.2012.13.4.385

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Fig 1 illustrates that if A.Br.005 is not assayed, as is the case in most canSNPs investigations, a strain such as Korea H9401 formally belonging to A.Br.005/007 corresponding to MLVA cluster D in [ 36 ] might be wrongly assigned to A.Br.005/006. The more relaxed A.Br.006/007 canSNP designation should be used in the absence of A.Br.005 typing [ 38 ]. Consequently, published assignments to A.Br.005/006 lineage should be considered with caution unless A.Br.005 has been typed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of French and Worldwide Bacillus anthracis Strains Favors a Recent, Post-Columbian Origin of the Predominant North-American Clade

et al. 2016

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BackgroundBacillus anthracis, the highly dangerous zoonotic bacterial pathogen species is currently composed of three genetic groups, called A, B and C. Group A is represented worldwide whereas group B is present essentially in Western Europe and Southern Africa. Only three strains from group C have been reported. This knowledge is derived from the genotyping of more than 2000 strains collected worldwide. Strains from both group A and group B are present in France. Previous investigations showed that the majority of sporadic French strains belong to the so-called A.Br.011/009 group A clade and define a very remarkable polytomy with six branches. Here we explore the significance of this polytomy by comparing the French B. anthracis lineages to worldwide lineages. We take advantage of whole genome sequence data previously determined for 122 French strains and 45 strains of various origins.ResultsA total of 6690 SNPs was identified among the available dataset and used to draw the phylogeny. The phylogeny of the French B group strains which belongs to B.Br.CNEVA indicates an expansion from the south-east part of France (the Alps) towards the south-west (Massif-Central and Pyrenees). The relatively small group A strains belonging to A.Br.001/002 results from at least two independent introductions. Strikingly, the data clearly demonstrates that the currently predominant B. anthracis lineage in North America, called WNA for Western North American, is derived from one branch of the A.Br.011/009 polytomy predominant in France.Conclusions/SignificanceThe present work extends the range of observed substitution rate heterogeneity within B. anthracis, in agreement with its ecology and in contrast with some other pathogens. The population structure of the six branches A.Br.011/009 polytomy identified in France, diversity of branch length, and comparison with the WNA lineage, suggests that WNA is of post-Columbian and west European origin, with France as a likely source. Furthermore, it is tempting to speculate that the polytomy’s most recent common ancestor -MRCA- dates back to the Hundred Years' war between France and England started in the mid-fourteenth century. These events were associated in France with deadly epidemics and major economic and social changes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of French and Worldwide Bacillus anthracis Strains Favors a Recent, Post-Columbian Origin of the Predominant North-American Clade

et al. 2016

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“…From the root of the B-clade to the tip, the longest and shortest lineages are defined by 449 and 77 SNPs respectively, corresponding to a ratio of 5.8 in the average expansion rate. B.Br.CNEVA was observed in mountainous areas in Western Europe whereas B.Br.001/002 strains were observed in Yamal, Siberia, Estonia (this report), Korea [35] and Finland [36] in addition to the fast lineage geographic distribution. The Yamal and Yakut LP53_5Ya strains belong to the same sublineage but are clearly separated by 65 SNPs (83 SNPs when optimizing SNP detection by focusing on the Yamal-Yakut strains, S2 Fig).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Insights from Bacillus anthracis strains isolated from permafrost in the tundra zone of Russia

et al. 2019

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This article describes Bacillus anthracis strains isolated during an outbreak of anthrax on the Yamal Peninsula in the summer of 2016 and independently in Yakutia in 2015. A common feature of these strains is their conservation in permafrost, from which they were extracted either due to the thawing of permafrost (Yamal strains) or as the result of paleontological excavations (Yakut strains). All strains isolated on the Yamal share an identical genotype belonging to lineage B.Br.001/002, pointing to a common source of infection in a territory over 250 km in length. In contrast, during the excavations in Yakutia, three genetically different strains were recovered from a single pit. One strain belongs to B.Br.001/002, and whole genome sequence analysis showed that it is most closely related to the Yamal strains in spite of the remoteness of Yamal from Yakutia. The two other strains contribute to two different branches of A.Br.008/011, one of the remarkable polytomies described so far in the B . anthracis species. The geographic distribution of the strains belonging to A.Br.008/011 is suggesting that the polytomy emerged in the thirteenth century, in combination with the constitution of a unified Mongol empire extending from China to Eastern Europe. We propose an evolutionary model for B . anthracis recent evolution in which the B lineage spread throughout Eurasia and was subsequently replaced by the A lineage except in some geographically isolated areas.

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“…Genetic markers, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and variable-number tandem repeats (MLVA), have been used to characterize the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships of B . anthracis strains [ 5 – 7 ] and have been used as source-tracing methods in the event of anthrax outbreaks or bioterrorist attacks [ 8 – 10 ]. The global genetic population structure of B .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anthrax is a global disease. The incidence of anthrax has been reduced by continuous research and disease control measures, but it still occurs in undeveloped and developing countries [ 10 ]. Anthrax cases are reported every year in China, especially in the northwestern provinces in mainland China [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and source-tracing of an anthrax outbreak in Gansu Province, China

Zhang

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Anthrax is an endemic disease in China. Cases are reported every year, especially in the northwestern areas. In August 2016, an outbreak of 21 cutaneous anthrax cases was reported in Min County, Gansu Province, China. In this study, the general characteristics of the anthrax outbreak are described. Two molecular typing methods, canonical single-nucleotide polymorphism (canSNP) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis with 15 markers (MLVA15), were used to investigate the possible source of transmission and to identify the genetic relationship among the strains/samples isolated in this outbreak as well as previous isolates. In this outbreak, all patients were infected through contact with diseased livestock or contaminated animal products. Livestock had been introduced into the local area shortly before the outbreak from Gannan Prefecture (in Gansu Province), Sichuan and Qinghai Provinces. In the molecular typing analysis, there were two canSNP subgroups found in Gansu, A.Br.001/002 and A.Br.Ames, and five MLVA15 genotypes were observed. The strains collected from the anthrax outbreak in Min County in 2016 belonged to the A.Br.001/002 canSNP subgroup and the MLVA15-28 and MLVA15-30 genotype. Strains previously isolated from Sichuan, Inner Mongolia and Maqu County (in Gannan Prefecture, Gansu Province) were clustered with these outbreak-related strains/samples according to the MLVA15-30 genotype. The MLVA15-28 genotype was found in strains isolated from Gansu and Xinjiang in previous studies. Combining the epidemiological investigation and molecular typing results, we conclude that the patients in this outbreak were infected by a local pathogen present in the adjoining area of Gansu, Sichuan and Qinghai Provinces.

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Genetic populations ofBacillus anthracisisolates from Korea

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Comparison of French and Worldwide Bacillus anthracis Strains Favors a Recent, Post-Columbian Origin of the Predominant North-American Clade

Comparison of French and Worldwide Bacillus anthracis Strains Favors a Recent, Post-Columbian Origin of the Predominant North-American Clade

Insights from Bacillus anthracis strains isolated from permafrost in the tundra zone of Russia

Investigation and source-tracing of an anthrax outbreak in Gansu Province, China

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