Genetic Polymorphisms in Southwest Alaskan Eskimos

Petersen, Gloria M.; Ward, Joel I.; Terasaki, Paul I.; Schanfield, Moses S.; Ferrell, Robert E.; Scott, Edward M.; Park, Min

doi:10.1159/000154008

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…For this data, the genetic similarity matrix required for the association analysis was calculated using the genotype data from the linkage panel merged with the additional genotypes of the SNP genotyped for this study. The admixture with Caucasian populations in this cohort was negligible [53], making admixture estimation unnecessary. Allele frequencies for rs4936356 were estimated using the MENDEL program [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The derived allele of a novel intergenic variant at chromosome 11 associates with lower body mass index and a favorable metabolic phenotype in Greenlanders

et al. 2020

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The genetic architecture of the small and isolated Greenlandic population is advantageous for identification of novel genetic variants associated with cardio-metabolic traits. We aimed to identify genetic loci associated with body mass index (BMI), to expand the knowledge of the genetic and biological mechanisms underlying obesity. Stage 1 BMI-association analyses were performed in 4,626 Greenlanders. Stage 2 replication and meta-analysis were performed in additional cohorts comprising 1,058 Yup'ik Alaska Native people, and 1,529 Greenlanders. Obesity-related traits were assessed in the stage 1 study population. We identified a common variant on chromosome 11, rs4936356, where the derived G-allele had a frequency of 24% in the stage 1 study population. The derived allele was genome-wide significantly associated with lower BMI (beta (SE), -0.14 SD (0.03), p = 3.2x10 -8 ), corresponding to 0.64 kg/m 2 lower BMI per G allele in the stage 1 study population. We observed a similar effect in the Yup'ik cohort (-0.09 SD, p = 0.038), and a non-significant effect in the same direction in the independent Greenlandic stage 2 cohort (-0.03 SD, p = 0.514). The

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The derived allele of a novel intergenic variant at chromosome 11 associates with lower body mass index and a favorable metabolic phenotype in Greenlanders

et al. 2020

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“…Several of the specificities detected among the Kaingang are shared by both population samples (KIV and KRC): A2, 24, 31; B35, 39,40,48,51,62;Cwl,w2,w3,w4,w7; DR2, 4, 8; DQ3. The alleles determining these specificities account for cumulated frequencies of 0.926 at the HLA-A locus, 0.935 at HLA-B, 0.830 at HLA-C, 0.928 at HLA-DR, and 0.451 at HLA-DQ.…”

Section: Antigen and Allele Frequenciesmentioning

confidence: 97%

The HLA polymorphsm of two distinctive South‐American Indian tribes: The Kaingang and the Guarani

Luiza¹,

Erler²,

Luz³

et al. 1993

Tissue Antigens

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The HLA-A, B, C, DR and DQ antigens of 240 Kaingang and 98 Guarani individuals have been characterized. The most frequent antigens found among the Kaingang are A31, 2, 24; B35, 51, 39, 48; Cw4, 7, 3, 1; DR8, 4, 2; DQ blank, 3. In the Guarani, they are A2, 28, 31; B40, 62, "53G"; Cw3, 4; DR2, 4, 8, 6; DQ3, blank. B " 53G" is an unusual antigen of the B5 cross-reactive group. DQ blank possibly corresponds to DQ4, not tested in this study. The reaction patterns of B35, B40 and DR4 indicate intra-tribal (of B35 and B40), and inter-tribal (DR4, B40 and B35) heterogeneity of these antigens. 408 Kaingang and 141 Guarani haplotypes were defined by segregation analysis. Of the commonest 10 Guarani and 9 Kaingang haplotypes, only one is shared by both tribes. Significant, positive linkage disequilibrium values for HLA-A,B; HLA-A,C; HLA-B,DR and most HLA-B,C antigen pairs were also different for the two populations. Genetic distance estimates between these two and another seven South-American Indian populations, and relative to the major human races (negroids, caucasoids, and mongoloids) reveal a comparatively high degree of divergence between the Kaingang and the Guarani, which is uncommon for Amerindian populations living close one to another.

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“…Alaskan Eskimo samples were collected from Kodiak Island [Old Harbor (n = 156) and Ouzinkie (n = 56)] (Majumder et al, 1988), St. Lawrence Island [Savoonga (n = 68) and Gambell (n = 72)] (Ferrell et al, 1981), and Southwestern Alaska Eupik Eskimos (n = 177)] (Petersen et al, 1991). DNA was extracted from plasma.…”

Section: This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of the four founding lineage haplotypes in native Americans suggests a single wave of migration for the New World

Merriwether

Rothhammer

Ferrell

1995

American J Phys Anthropol

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265

181

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The distribution of the four founding lineage haplogroups in Native Americans from North, Central, and South America shows a north to south increase in the frequency of lineage B and a North to South decrease in the frequency of lineage A. All four founding lineage haplogroups were detected in North, Central, and South America, and in Greenberg et al.'s ([1986] Curr. Anthropol. 27:477-497) three major linguistic groups (Amerind, NaDene, and Eskaleut), with all four haplogroups often found within a single population. Lineage A was the most common lineage in North America, regardless of language group. This overall distribution is most parsimonious with a single wave of migration into the New World which included multiple variants of all four founding lineage types. Torroni et al.'s ([1993a] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 53:563-590) report that lineage B has a more recent divergence time than the other three lineages can best be explained by multiple variants of lineages A, C, and D, and fewer variants of lineage B entering the New World. Alternatively, there could have been multiple waves of migration from a single parent population in Asia/Siberia which repeatedly reintroduced the same lineages to the New World.

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Genetic Polymorphisms in Southwest Alaskan Eskimos

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

The derived allele of a novel intergenic variant at chromosome 11 associates with lower body mass index and a favorable metabolic phenotype in Greenlanders

The derived allele of a novel intergenic variant at chromosome 11 associates with lower body mass index and a favorable metabolic phenotype in Greenlanders

The HLA polymorphsm of two distinctive South‐American Indian tribes: The Kaingang and the Guarani

Distribution of the four founding lineage haplotypes in native Americans suggests a single wave of migration for the New World

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