Genetic polymorphisms in periodontal diseases: An overview

Rajaram, Vijayalakshmi; Geetha, A; Ramakrishnan, T; Emmadi, Pamela

doi:10.4103/0970-9290.74226

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Other types of polymorphism are restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and simple tandem repeats (STRs), consisting of relevant allele or nucleotide repetition. 3,15,18 Genetic polymorphisms are very useful in genetic studies of the population. Frequencies of genotypes and alleles may differ between a diseased group and a healthy group.…”

Section: Polymorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 With this in mind, several authors have been looking into the possibility that periodontitis could be polygenic (gene-gene interactions) and multifactorial (gene-environment-life style interactions such as oral hygiene, smoking, stress and diet). 14,15 Evidence of the genetic component in periodontal disease…”

Section: Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a specific allele occurs in at least 1% of the population, it is said to be a genetic polymorphism. 15 More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in the human genome. 5 Polymorphism arises as a result of mutation.…”

Section: Polymorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, when a given allele is identified as associated with a disease, functional studies may be conducted to investigate the possible role of that gene in the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. 14,15,19 A number of SNPs are likely to be important determinants in disease susceptibility for the more common, genetically complex diseases such as chronic periodontitis. 11,13 In this model, a single functional genetic polymorphism associated with disease (at a population level) is not sufficient to cause disease, and is therefore not deterministic of disease in itself.…”

Section: Polymorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of genetic polymorphisms have been studied for their association with chronic periodontitis, including several interleukin (IL) genes; the vitamin D receptor; the FcγRIIIb-NA1 gene; the tumor necrosis factor-β gene; and several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants. 3,5,[11][12][13]15,18,41 However, none have proven to be strongly predictive as diagnostic or prognostic markers to identify patients within the general population who are at risk, hampered by population Braz Oral Res., (São Paulo) 2012;26(Spec Iss 1): heterogeneity and different disease criteria.…”

Section: Genetic Test For Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodontal disease: a genetic perspective

2012

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Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease that causes tooth loss. The complex pathogenesis of periodontitis implies the involvement of a susceptible host and a bacterial challenge. Many studies have provided a valuable contribution to understanding the genetic basis of periodontal disease, but the specific candidate genes of susceptibility are still unknown. In fact, genome-wide studies and screening of single-nucleotide polymorphisms have yielded new genetic information without a definitive solution for the management of periodontal disease. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the most relevant literature, presenting the main concepts and insights of the strategies that have been emerging to better diagnose and treat periodontal disease based on biomarker analysis and host modulation.

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Section: Polymorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genetic Test For Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Periodontal disease: a genetic perspective

2012

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Genomewide Association Study Identifies Cxcl Family Members as Partial Mediators of LPS-Induced Periodontitis

Hiyari

Green

Pan

et al. 2018

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Periodontitis (PD) is characterized by bacterial infection and inflammation of tooth-supporting structures and can lead to tooth loss. PD affects ∼47% of the US population over age 30 years and has a heritability of about 50%. Although the host immunoinflammatory response and genetic background play a role, little is known of the underlying genetic factors. We examined natural genetic variation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PD across a panel of inbred mouse strains, the hybrid mouse diversity panel (HMDP). We observed a strain-dependent sixfold difference in LPS-induced bone loss across the HMDP with a heritability of 53%. We performed a genomewide association study (GWAS) using FAST-LMM, which corrects for population structure, and identified loci significantly associated with PD. We examined candidate genes at a locus on chromosome 5, which suggested a relationship between LPS-induced bone loss and, together with expression data, identified Cxcl family members as associated with PD. We observed an increase in Cxcl10 protein, as well as immune cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines in C57BL/6J (high bone loss strain) but not in A/J (low bone loss strain) after LPS injections. Genetic deletion of CXCR3 (Cxcl9 and10 receptor) demonstrated a ∼50% reduction in bone loss and reduced osteoclasts after LPS injections. Furthermore, WT mice treated with AMG-487 (a CXCR3 antagonist) showed a ∼45% reduction in bone loss and decreased osteoclasts after LPS injections. We conclude that CXCR3 is a strong candidate for modulating the host response in individuals susceptible to PD. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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Technologies for Biomarkers in Periodontics

Buduneli

2020

Biomarkers in Periodontal Health and Disease

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Genetic polymorphisms in periodontal diseases: An overview

Cited by 19 publications

References 47 publications

Periodontal disease: a genetic perspective

Periodontal disease: a genetic perspective

Genomewide Association Study Identifies Cxcl Family Members as Partial Mediators of LPS-Induced Periodontitis

Technologies for Biomarkers in Periodontics

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