Genetic polymorphism and the link to stress-induced metabolic dysfunction

Abstract

Background: The impact of stress on health is well-established and it continues to influence modern life. While some individuals may manage stress well, others may experience detrimental impacts on their physical and emotional health. As stress has been related to several illnesses, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and more, there is growing concern about stress-induced metabolic dysfunction. Main body: Here we review recent literature, elucidating the role of genetic polymorphisms in modulating an individual's reactivity to stress and susceptibility to stress-related metabolic disorders. This article discusses the genetic components, in particular the polymorphisms, that may predispose individuals toward metabolic dysregulation brought on by stress. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence differences that affect more than 1% of the population are known as genetic polymorphisms. Changes from genetic polymorphisms result in different gene expression, protein function, and other outcomes. Genetic polymorphisms in key stress-regulating genes can influence an individual's susceptibility to metabolic disturbances in response to chronic stress. Conclusion: The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and related molecular pathways play a pivotal role in mediating the effects of stress on metabolism. Understanding the genetic basis of stress-induced metabolic dysfunction has implications for personalized medicine and preventive strategies. By identifying individuals with genetic susceptibility to metabolic disturbances, targeted interventions can be designed to mitigate the adverse effects of stress on metabolic health. Furthermore, lifestyle modifications, stress management techniques, and tailored dietary interventions may be employed to promote overall well-being and prevent stress-induced metabolic disorders.