Genetic patchiness of the shore crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus along the Portuguese coast

Silva, Inês C.; Mesquita, Natacha; Schubart, Christoph D.; Alves, Maria Judite; Paula, José

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2009.07.032

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Expected heterozygosity values were 0.696 (SWD), 0.686 (MEN-IP) and 0.663 (MOR), which are similar to values reported for microsatellites for other decapod crustaceans (e.g. H e = 0.5 to 0.6 for Pachygrapsus marmoratus [Silva et al 2009]; H e = 0.7 to 0.8 for Maja brachydactyla [Sotelo et al 2008]). The GENELAND model identified the Moroccan sample as an individual cluster, despite the failure of the F ST approach to distinguish clearly Morocco from MEN-IP samples in individual comparisons.…”

Section: Population Structure Within the Native Range Of Carcinus Maenassupporting

confidence: 79%

Genetic structure of Carcinus maenas within its native range: larval dispersal and oceanographic variability

Domingues¹,

Creer²,

Taylor³

et al. 2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Unravelling the interactions between life-history strategies and oceanography is central to our understanding of gene flow and connectivity in the marine environment. In the present study, we investigated the population genetic structure of the shore crab in its native range in relation to oceanographic characteristics and dispersal potential. Using 10 microsatellite markers over 2 yr, we surveyed 18 locations distributed along ~4200 km within the species native range, from Sweden to Morocco, assessed the population structure by means of F ST and Bayesian clustering analysis and tested the hypothesis of isolation-by-distance (IBD) with a Mantel test. We focused particular attention along a 1200 km stretch of the Iberian Peninsula. We found no evidence of genetic structure (F ST = 0.0001, p > 0.05) along the Iberian coast, and patterns were temporally stable over 2 yr. Across the more extensive geographic spatial scale, overall genetic differentiation was low (F ST = 0.001) but statistically significant (p < 0.001). Furthermore, clustering analysis grouped the samples into 3 genetic units from (1) Sweden, (2) Wales and the Iberian Peninsula and (3) Morocco. While the correlation between genetic and geographic distances was significant, the pattern was not consistent with an IBD pattern. Results suggests that, in the absence of barriers to gene flow, shore crab populations are genetically similar across thousands of kilometres, but isolated populations still may occur within the species native range. Local oceanography and larval behaviour may have a significant influence on the structuring of the populations under study.

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Section: Population Structure Within the Native Range Of Carcinus Maenassupporting

confidence: 79%

Genetic structure of Carcinus maenas within its native range: larval dispersal and oceanographic variability

Domingues¹,

Creer²,

Taylor³

et al. 2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The influence of estuarine currents and brackish water can also limit the pattern of offshore larval dispersal and onshore megalopal transport, favouring genetic differentiation from the rest of the populations. A similar pattern of population differentiation was found in the Portuguese Tagus Estuary and on its adjacent rocky shores for the shore crab species Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Silva et al, 2009). The Tagus River drains into the Atlantic, affecting nearshore currents and salinity, and may prevent larval transport across the river mouth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Population differentiation of the shore crab <i>Carcinus maenas</i> (Brachyura: Portunidae) on the southwest English coast based on genetic and morphometric analyses

Silva¹,

Alves²,

Paula³

et al. 2010

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY:Carcinus maenas has a planktonic larval phase which can potentially disperse over large distances. Consequently, larval transport is expected to play an important role in promoting gene flow and determining population structure. In the present study, population structuring on the southwest coast of England was analysed using molecular and morphometric approaches. Variation at eight microsatellite loci suggested that the individuals sampled within this region comprise a single genetic population and that gene flow among them is not restricted. Nevertheless, the F ST values estimated across loci for all populations suggested that the Tamar population was significantly different from the Exe, Camel and Torridge populations. This differentiation is not explained by isolation by distance, and coastal hydrological events that are apparently influencing larval flux might be the cause of this pattern. Morphometric analysis was also performed. Analysis of carapace and chela shape variation using landmark-based geometric morphometrics revealed extensive morphological variability, as the multivariate analysis of variance showed significant morphometric differences among geographic groups for both sexes. Thus, the morphological differentiation found may be a plastic response to habitat-specific selection pressures.Keywords: Carcinus maenas, microsatellites, population structure, geometric morphometrics, phenotypic plasticity, gene flow.RESUMEN: Diferenciación poblacional del cangrejo CarCinus maenas (Brachyura: Portunidae) en la costa sudoeste de Inglaterra basada en análisis genéticos y morfométricos. -El cangrejo Carcinus maenas tiene una fase larvaria planctónica que potencialmente puede dispersarse a grandes distancias. Como consecuencia, es esperable que el transporte larvario tenga un papel importante en el flujo genético y en la determinación de la estructura de las poblaciones. En el presente estudio se ha analizado la estructura de las poblaciones de la costa sudoeste de Inglaterra, utilizando marcadores moleculares y morfométricos. La variación en ocho loci de microsatélites sugiere que los individuos muestreados en esta región constituyen una única población genética y que el flujo genético entre ellos no es limitado. Sin embargo, los valores de F st estimados para los ocho loci de todas las poblaciones muestreadas sugieren que la población de Tamar es significativamente diferente de las poblaciones de Exe, Camel y Torridge. Esta diferencia no se explica por el aislamiento por distancia. En contrapartida, el flujo genético parece estar influenciado por mecanismos hidrológicos costeros, que contribuyen así al patrón de diferenciación encontrado. También se realizó un análisis morfométrico, utilizando la técnica de la morfometría geométrica. Estos análisis, ejecutados según la forma del caparazón y de la pinza, revelaron una gran variabilidad morfológica, del mismo modo en que el análisis de la varianza multivariado reveló diferencias morfológicas significativas entre poblaciones, para ambos sexos. Así, la ...

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“…However, we have to keep in mind that genetic studies based on microsatellite polymorphisms [21–24] reported genetic heterogeneity among populations of P. marmoratus at local scale, even if without clear association to geography. Fratini et al [23] hypothesised that larval retention and sweepstake effect could be plausible reasons of limited genetic exchange among the islands forming the Tuscan Archipelago (Tyrrhenian Sea).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sequence variation of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) so far indicated rather high levels of genetic exchange in the species at meso-geographic scales, with a weak separation among Atlantic and Mediterranean populations and lack of differentiation within the Mediterranean Sea [20, 21]. Conversely, some genetic heterogeneity at local scales emerged from previous studies investigating microsatellite polymorphisms [22–24]. Overall, these evidences suggest weak departure from panmixia, as initially supposed for this species and call for investigation of the likely influence of different geographic breaks across its distribution range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling population genetic structure with mitochondrial DNA in a notional panmictic coastal crab species: sample size makes the difference

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe extent of genetic structure of a species is determined by the amount of current gene flow and the impact of historical and demographic factors. Most marine invertebrates have planktonic larvae and consequently wide potential dispersal, so that genetic uniformity should be common. However, phylogeographic investigations reveal that panmixia is rare in the marine realm. Phylogeographic patterns commonly coincide with geographic transitions acting as barriers to gene flow. In the Mediterranean Sea and adjoining areas, the best known barriers are the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition, the Siculo-Tunisian Strait and the boundary between Aegean and Black seas. Here, we perform the so far broadest phylogeographic analysis of the crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus, common across the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean and Black seas. Previous studies revealed no or weak genetic structuring at meso-geographic scale based on mtDNA, while genetic heterogeneity at local scale was recorded with microsatellites, even if without clear geographic patterns. Continuing the search for phylogeographic signal, we here enlarge the mtDNA dataset including 51 populations and covering most of the species’ distribution range.ResultsThis enlarged dataset provides new evidence of three genetically separable groups, corresponding to the Portuguese Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea plus Canary Islands, and Black Sea. Surprisingly, hierarchical AMOVA and Principal Coordinates Analysis agree that our Canary Islands population is closer to western Mediterranean populations than to mainland Portugal and Azores populations. Within the Mediterranean Sea, we record genetic homogeneity, suggesting that population connectivity is unaffected by the transition between the western and eastern Mediterranean. The Mediterranean metapopulation seems to have experienced a relatively recent expansion around 100,000 years ago.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the phylogeographic pattern of P. marmoratus is shaped by the geological history of Mediterranean and adjacent seas, restricted current gene flow among different marginal seas, and incomplete lineage sorting. However, they also caution from exclusively testing well-known biogeographic barriers, thereby neglecting other possible phylogeographic patterns. Mostly, this study provides evidence that a geographically exhaustive dataset is necessary to detect shallow phylogeographic structure within widespread marine species with larval dispersal, questioning all studies where species have been categorized as panmictic based on numerically and geographically limited datasets.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0720-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Genetic patchiness of the shore crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus along the Portuguese coast

Cited by 21 publications

References 46 publications

Genetic structure of Carcinus maenas within its native range: larval dispersal and oceanographic variability

Genetic structure of Carcinus maenas within its native range: larval dispersal and oceanographic variability

Population differentiation of the shore crab <i>Carcinus maenas</i> (Brachyura: Portunidae) on the southwest English coast based on genetic and morphometric analyses

Unravelling population genetic structure with mitochondrial DNA in a notional panmictic coastal crab species: sample size makes the difference

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