Genetic parameters of racing merit of thoroughbred horses in Poland

Sobczyńska, Magdalena; Łukaszewicz, M.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0388.2004.00459.x

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Heritability was between 15-20% for the Log of earnings per race and the ranking value, the repeatability between 30-40%. These results did not differ very much from those obtained in Poland [13] and Germany [3] for similar criteria. The repeatability for the distance when placed was low, 28%, but the heritability, 18% was comparable to the heritability of the ranking value and earnings per race.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Estimation of genetic parameters of Thoroughbred racing performance in the Czech Republic

2005

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-The aim of this study was to estimate the breeding value of English Thoroughbreds in the Czech Republic using racing results from a 22-year period . The data include the performance of two and three-year-old horses which raced in flat races at hippodromes in the Czech Republic. The racing results (30 203) were available corresponding to 6 333 horses descending from 762 sires and 2 836 dams. Different criteria were applied in order to analyse the performance: Log of earnings per race, a normalized ranking value, distance of the race when placed, earnings and number of starts for 2, 3, 2+3 year-old horses. After preliminary studies, a year effect or a sex by year effect was finally retained. Variance component estimation using VCE software gave the following values for heritability (±standard errors): 0.14 ± 0.01 and 0.16 ± 0.01 for the Log of earnings per race and the ranking value. Repeatability was 0.31 and 0.35, respectively. The maternal environment component was evaluated as 0.02 ± 0.004 for the Log of earnings per race and 0.03 ± 0.004 for the ranking value. We found that the Log of earnings per race and the ranking value were two appropriate criteria when taking into account racing performance in selection for Thoroughbreds in the Czech Republic. The genetic correlation of the two criteria was 0.98 ± 0.003. The heritability for the distance when placed was 0.18 ± 0.01. The genetic correlation of the Log of earnings per race and distance was medium, 0.38 ± 0.05 and of the same order, 0.39 ± 0.05 for ranking value and distance. In the case where we used the Log of annual earnings and the number of starts, the heritabilities were for the Log of earnings: 0.15 ± 0.03 for two-year-olds, 0.34 ± 0.03 for three-year-olds and 0.32 ± 0.03 for two and three-year-old careers together and respectively, 0.12 ± 0.03, 0.21 ± 0.03 and 0.20 ± 0.02 for number of starts. The genetic correlations between the earnings and the number of starts were respectively: 0.26 ± 0.14, 0.33 ± 0.06 and 0.19 ± 0.07. The genetic correlation between the number of starts for two and three year-olds which was restricted to horses earning money for two consecutive years, was average: 0.35 ± 0.05 and between earnings for the same ages was high 0.80 ± 0.04.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Estimation of genetic parameters of Thoroughbred racing performance in the Czech Republic

2005

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“…In any event, in practice, the estimation of effects linked to the trainer and the owner is not always possible, because the majority of trainers and owners only own and train one horse, making their effect undistinguishable from the animal effect. In literature, Sobczynska and Lukaszewicz (2004), Svobodova et al (2005) were not able to estimate the effect of the jockey; however, Oki et al (1995) reported in their study that the talent of the jockey had a significant effect on the race time for different distances and different types of race tracks. In our dataset, the effect of the jockey is difficult to estimate.…”

Section: Effect Of the Non-genetic Parameters On The Different Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to note here that the assessment of the genetic value of breeding animals has been applied to racehorses for many years and in many countries (Chico, 1994;Langlois, 1996;Belhajyahia et al, 2003;Langlois and Blouin, 2004;Sobczynska and Lukaszewicz, 2004;Svobodova et al, 2005;Bokor et al, 2007;Bakhtiari and Kashan, 2009;Orhan and Kaygisiz, 2010). In Algeria, no selection program has been put in place and no assessment of the genetic additive value of breeding animals based on the performance of horses has been carried out till now despite the availability of reliable performance data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The raw measures are supposed to reflect not only the genetic potential of the horses but also the environmental conditions (non-genetic factors) in which these observations have been made. Numerous studies have shown that these non-genetic factors strongly influenced the earnings and ranking of horses in flatracing (Langlois and Blouin, 1998;Belhajyahia et al, 2003;Sobczynska and Lukaszewicz, 2004;Svobodova et al, 2005;Bokor et al, 2007;Bakhtiari and Kashan, 2009). In order to be able to estimate the genetic potential (breeding value) of the individuals, it is therefore important to determine the part played by the environment in the performances in the Algerian conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of non-genetic parameters of the racing performances of Arabian and Thoroughbred horses in Algeria

Tennah

Kafidi²,

Antoine‐Moussiaux

et al. 2012

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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From 1995 to 2007, flat racing data was collected for Thoroughbred and Arabian horses in Algeria. Nongenetic factors affecting racing performances have been identified and quantified using linear models. Performances are represented through the earnings and the rankings. Three traits were used: two earnings traits [the logarithm of annual virtual earnings (LAEV) and the logarithm of average annual virtual earnings per start (LAEV/S)], and one rank trait (the ranking transformed and normalised by application of the "performance rate" procedure, PERF). The results showed significant positive correlations (p < 0.001) between the three traits in the two breeds, showing that the measurements quantify similar -although different -aptitudes. The effects of sex, age, year of the performance and the interactions between age and sex and between age and year of the race turned out to be significant (p < 0.05) for the three traits LAEV, LAEV/S and PERF for the Arabian horses. However, for Thoroughbreds, the sex effect was only significant for the PERF trait and an interaction between the age and year of the performance was the only significant interaction (p < 0.001) for the LAEV trait. The effects of these nongenetic factors will be used to correct the raw measures in a future genetic evaluation.

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“…Additionally, generational affects, currency inflation, and often conversion (particularly for historic racing records) as well as race type and length must be taken into consideration, resulting in complex mathematical models (Sobczynska & Lukaszewicz 2004;Park 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular gene variants of the Australian thoroughbred population: occurrence, genetic diversity, and racing success

Watson¹

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Athletic performance, regardless of activity or mammalian species, is determined by a combination of many genetic and environmental factors. Indeed, the functions of mammalian cardiovascular systems are greatly influenced by genetic factors that can have substantial phenotype variations between individuals and consequently variations in athletic performance. While many human studies have identified genomic regions of significance to cardiac-specific genes potentially involved in athletic performance, equine research linking genotype to particular equine phenotypes is deficient.It is currently thought that the abnormally large heart sizes (a non-disease state cardiac hypertrophy) seen in some Thoroughbred horses may contribute positively to athletic performance. Preliminary pedigree analysis suggests that the larger-than-average heart size and altered electrocardiograms (ECG) observed in some Thoroughbred horses may be a familial and/or breed-specific trait and thus have a genetic component, however to date no further molecular genetic analysis has been performed. Genes responsible for, or associated with, cardiac development, regulation, size, and function have been identified in both human and laboratory animal model species. These genes include MYH7, CASQ2, AKT1, PTEN, and PI3K. These genes are conserved across vertebrate and invertebrate species and have been shown to play crucial, equivalent roles in determining cardiac rhythm, growth, and function. Furthermore, these genes have not previously been characterised in Thoroughbred horses.It is hypothesised that genetic variation within these orthologous genes plays a major role in breedspecific equine cardiac size determination, regulation, and function. Therefore, this study aims to determine the genetic variation in genes involved in cardiovascular function, development, and size in the Australian Thoroughbred horse population, and investigate whether this variation may contribute on a molecular level to the high level of athletic performance characteristic of this breed.We determined the novel sequence variants of the above five equine orthologues in a panel of nonrelated Thoroughbred horses (n = 93). This has revealed several novel INDELs and SNPs that are potentially responsible for the large heart phenotype and the classification of previously undocumented variations. Key findings include novel SNPs that result in nonsense mutations in MYH7 suggesting multiple allele variants at several locations, and several insertions of premature stop codons (locations 40, 63, 64, 94, and 97) resulting in premature protein truncation. Also found was a non-conservative amino acid change in CASQ2 affecting calcium binding and protein polarity; a 3-base pair deletion in the 5' UTR (un-translated region) of AKT1 possibly resulting in iii changes to transcription factor binding regions or other regulatory binding sites; several variants in both 5' and 3' UTR of PTEN and a PI3K variant causing substitution of glutamine with a STOP codon, resulting in complete loss o...

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Genetic parameters of racing merit of thoroughbred horses in Poland

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Estimation of genetic parameters of Thoroughbred racing performance in the Czech Republic

Estimation of genetic parameters of Thoroughbred racing performance in the Czech Republic

Assessment of non-genetic parameters of the racing performances of Arabian and Thoroughbred horses in Algeria

Cardiovascular gene variants of the Australian thoroughbred population: occurrence, genetic diversity, and racing success

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