Genetic Parameters for Determining Useful Parents in Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) Breeding for Early Maturity, Small Seed Size, and High Seed Yield

Abstract

Early maturity, small seed size, and high seed yield are important characters of mungbean in Indonesia. The objective of the study was to determine the useful parents in mungbean crosses for early maturity, small seed size, and high seed yield varieties by estimating the genetic parameters and their inheritance. The study was conducted at the ILETRI, Malang, East Java, Indonesia, during the dry season of 2014. 20 F1 and 5 parents were evaluated using a randomized block design, repeated three times. Results of the study showed that all observed traits showed the importance of both additive and dominance gene effects. The relative value of general combining ability (GCA) was greater than specific combining ability (SCA) for number of pod clusters per plant, number of branches per plant, plant height, days to maturity, and 100-seed weight which indicated the importance of additive gene effect. The dominance gene effect occurred on number of pods and seed yield per plant. Among five parents, G3 was the best combiner for all the observed characters except pod length; therefore, G3 could be exploited for late maturity, small seed size, high number of branches and pod cluster, and high seed yield. G5 has a high GCA for 100-seed weight. G1 and G2 have good GCA for early maturity. G3 and G5 genotypes are useful as parents in mungbean breeding for small and large seed size varieties, respectively. The best combination for seed yield was G2 × G3 and G3 × G1 crosses and could be proceeded with selection for early maturity, small seed size, and high seed yield varieties.

Inheritance of seed coat color and heritability of agronomic characters of F2 population of reciprocal crosses between Fore Belu and Local Sabu mungbean varieties

“…Broad sense heritability was calculated following the formula described by Stansfield (1991) as follows:…”

“…In contrast to seed coat color that was classified into green, black, and green-black mottle, the quantitative characters of the F2 populations evaluated different significantly among families. This would have occurred because quantitative characters are usually controlled by many genes (Stansfield 1991), and their phenotypes are expressed continuously. Therefore, the expression of a quantitative trait is strongly influenced by environmental factors and measures of population and genetic parameters, such as the mean, variance, and coefficient of variation are needed to describe the characteristics of a trait/character.…”

“…Similarly, Anita et al ( 2022) evaluated 11 characters on 38 mungbean genotypes and found significant differences among genotypes for all the characters. Population and genetic parameters are important aspects in plant improvement efforts through plant breeding, as information on the genetic parameters of a population will allow the breeders to choose the most efficient selection methods to obtain plant genotypes carrying the desired traits (Trustinah et al 2021). According to Falconer and Mackay (1996), estimating genetic parameters is a major component of improving plant characteristics that meet the breeding objectives.…”

“…Estimated genetic diversity coefficients of the F2 population showed medium to high categories in Fore Belu (♀) x Local Sabu (♂) cross and low to high categories in its reciprocal (Local Sabu (♀) x Fore Belu (♂) (Table 4). The highest coefficient of genetic diversity in reciprocal crosses was found in the number of pods per plant (48.31% and 44.61%), followed by dry seed weight per plant (34.16% and 32.8%), and plant height at flowering (18.34% and 16.94%), all of which are classified high according to Stansfield (1991). Meanwhile, the plant height at harvesting and harvesting date had low to moderate genetic diversity coefficients.…”

“…Heritability values of seed weight per plant (SW/P) of the reciprocal crosses were 0.5 and 0.58, which indicate a medium to a high ability to pass on the trait to the offspring (Stansfield 1991). High seed weight heritability means the variation in seed weight is highly likely to be inherited by the next generation, which can be selected to obtain genotypes with high seed yield.…”